英文文献：The Reconstruction of the Border Roads and Household Welfare in Nigeria: A Gender Study-尼日利亚边境公路和家庭福利的重建:性别研究
英文文献作者：Efobi Uchenna
英文文献摘要：
This study provides an ex-ante analysis of the welfare effect from the improvement of border road infrastructure in Nigeria. It starts by describing the income distribution in the Nigerian states contained in the sample. It then analyses the relationship between income, household food expenditures, and household expenditures on imported rice. it is aimed at assessing how changes in the price of food commodities induced by border road improvements would affect different types of households. Finally, it investigates how simulated changes in local transportation costs stemming from road improvements would affect local prices of imported rice taking into consideration the simulated price changes effect on household welfare across household head gender and household area (rural and urban households). Results indicate that policies aiming to improve border roads and thereby lower transportation costs, and subsequently the price of imported rice, would be more beneficial for rural than urban households. Such policies would likely produce larger welfare gains for poorer households than richer households, and would be more beneficial for the poorest female-headed households than their male counterparts.

本研究提供了尼日利亚边境道路基础设施改善的福利效应的事前分析。首先描述样本中所包含的尼日利亚各州的收入分配情况。然后分析了收入、家庭食品支出和家庭进口大米支出之间的关系。它的目的是评估边境道路改善所引起的粮食商品价格变化将如何影响不同类型的家庭。最后，考虑到模拟的价格变化对户主性别和家庭地区(农村和城市家庭)的家庭福利的影响，研究了由于道路改善而导致的当地交通成本的变化如何影响进口大米的当地价格。结果表明，旨在改善边境公路从而降低运输成本，进而降低进口大米价格的政策对农村家庭的好处要大于城市家庭。这种政策可能会给贫穷家庭带来比富裕家庭更大的福利收益，并且对最贫穷的女户主家庭比男户主家庭更有利。