以下是引用baiyufeng在2005-10-2 16:37:36的发言: 在曼昆的书中有这样一个例子,如果企业生产了过量的面包
1.面包放坏
2.面包由企业所有者购买
3.在市场上出售
只有第二种应该记入GDP,小的不懂,望诸位帮忙解释。
第一条第二条应该没问题,前者不创造价值,后者记入存货投资。
至于第三条,我也老半天不明白,干脆在论坛里找到曼昆那本书,翻到你说的那段话,才发现你理解错了无心的误导了大家,呵呵。
原文引用如下:
The Treatment of Inventories Imagine that a bakery hires workers to produce more bread, pays their wages, and then fails to sell the additional bread. How does this transaction affect GDP? The answer depends on what happens to the unsold bread. Let’s first suppose that the bread spoils. In this case, the firm has paid more in wages but has not received any additional revenue, so the firm’s profit is reduced by the amount that wages are increased.Total expenditure in the economy hasn’t changed because no one buys the bread.Total income hasn’t changed either—although more is distributed as wages and less as profit. Because the transaction affects neither expenditure nor income, it does not alter GDP. Now suppose, instead, that the bread is put into inventory to be sold later. In this case, the transaction is treated differently. The owners of the firm are assumed to have “purchased’’ the bread for the firm’s inventory, and the firm’s profit is not reduced by the additional wages it has paid. Because the higher wages raise total income, and greater spending on inventory raises total expenditure, the economy’s GDP rises. What happens later when the firm sells the bread out of inventory? This case is much like the sale of a used good.There is spending by bread consumers, but there is inventory disinvestment by the firm.This negative spending by the firm offsets the positive spending by consumers, so the sale out of inventory does not affect GDP.