• Mu, Z., & Xie, Y. (2014). Marital age homogamy in China: A reversal of trend in the reform era?. Social science research, 44, 141-157.
  Introduction 20
  Social homogamy, or marriage between individuals with similar social characteristics, is a common practice in many societies. In the literature on marriage and social stratification, an increase in homogamy based on such attributes as socioeconomic status, education, and race/ethnicity is generally considered an indicator of declining social openness and increasing social inequality.
  从文章主题中最关键的概念开始范式。从literature 开始范式， homogamy based on such attributes，社会地位，教育，种族等可以是factors，也可以用attribute来概括。说上面的increase可以considered an indicator of declining social openness and increasing social inequality, 这句话最厉害的地方在于，将一个不为人所熟悉的social homogamy 与社会开放度，社会不平等重大议题连接起来，从来使得研究的对象具有重要的社会意义。这也是我们在introduction力图要做到的最关键的东西，那就是你做这个研究到底是为了什么，具有什么样的significance，这个significance一定是与学术中已经well entrenched的议题有关或者社会普遍关注，或者自古以来就是一个永恒的话题有关。
  Another form of homogamy is age homogamy, or marriage between individuals of similar ages. The level of age homogamy is also an important indicator of social closure and gender inequality, as large age differences between spouses have been associated with more patriarchal family systems and less spousal intimacy. However, this type of homogamy has received less attention among researchers than social homogamy based on the aforementioned attributes. While the literature includes several studies of age homogamy, none deals with a long-term trend in contemporary china, particularly reform-era China.
  紧接着进一步聚焦关键议题 age homogamy, 它的含义是marriage between individuals of similar ages. 再次使用indicator, 换了一种表达 social closure and gender inequality , …. Be associated with=relevant with . 但是这种age homogamy 却没有得到应有的关注，receive less attention，这种方法来凸显本研究的重要性，也是常用的方式，pronounced important 但是却receive less attention. 此外, while表示转折之意， while the literature includes….., none deals with ….in contemporary China. 这句话的好处是承上启下，下面就会讲在中国研究这个age homogamy 的重要性了。
  This study analyzes trends in age homogamy in China between 1960 and 2005, using indicator based on Schoen’s forces of attraction and data from the national representative China 2005 1% population inter-census Survey (or the 2005 mini-census). Instead of a consistent increase in age homogamy, as one might expect from literature, we found an inverted U-shape trend over the period. One plausible explanation is that intensified economic pressure, rising consumerism, and a shrinking gender gap in education during the post-1990s reform era have acted to increase women’s desire to marry men who are more economically established, and thus often older than their less financially secure counterparts. Age hypergamy acts to maintain status hypergamy, a deeply rooted value for couples in China.
  这部分用研究所使用的数据，所得到的结论，以及这个结论可能的原因来作为主题，其实也是一种更为明了直接的方式吧。The study analyzes….., using indicator based on … and data from … 结论是什么呢，instead of ……as one might expect from literature, we found that …… 产生一种差异突出效果…. One plausible explanation is ….. 注意后面的词汇都可以学习，intensified economic pressure, rising consumerism, a shrinking…. Have acted to …..economically established,   counterparts 可以作为mate， partner 的备选项。 最后一句话总结概括， … acts to maintain ….,

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