Campbell "The simple but powerful insight of Fama and MacBeth (1973) is that market efficiency, with constant expected returns over time, implies that stock returns are uncorrelated over time even though they are correlated across stocks at a given time. In this sense a finance panel regression has a structure that is orthogonal to a standard microeconomic panel regression (which has time-series correlation of variables for a given household, but assumes no correlation of variables across households). In modern panel regression terminology, the finance panel should cluster standard errors by time while a microeconomic panel should cluster standard errors by household."