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Invest Like a Guru – How to generate higher returns at reduced risk with value investing 2017(Charlie Tian)
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-6755810-1-1.html (Page 13-21)
Introduction
阅读到的有价值的内容段落摘录
You would think that humankind would learn from past bubbles, but the creation of bubbles never stopped. There are four recurring types of participants during the expansion phase of bubbles: 
1. The average folks: These are the people who are excited about the new idea and are also relatively new to the market. They think they are onto something and because their friends and neighbors are getting rich, they, too, should jump in. I was one of them. So was Sir Isaac Newton. Widely recognized as the smartest person alive during his time, Newton was just an average guy when it came to the stock market. 
2. The smart ones: These are the people who recognize that something is wrong, yet think they can figure out when the bubble will burst—they will ride all the way to the peak, but get out before everyone else. As Warren Buffett joked in his 2007 shareholder letter, after the burst of the dot-com bubble in the early 2000s, Silicon Valley had a popular bumper sticker that read: Please, God, Just One More Bubble. Before long, they got one. This time in housing, and we all know how that ended.
3. The short sellers: These are the people who recognize that things are wrong and that what is happening is not sustainable. Stocks are overpriced. So they short the stocks by borrowing the shares and selling them, hoping to buy the shares back at a much lower price or not to buy back at all if the company goes bankrupt. But then their pain begins. The stocks continue to go up and short sellers are losing more and more money. Just as economist John Keynes pointedout, “Markets can remain irrational a lot longer than you and I can remain solvent.” This happened to one of the most celebrated investors, George Soros, the man who broke the Bank of England. During the beginning of 1999, Soros’s fund was betting big against Internet stocks. He saw the bubble taking shape and knew that the Internet craze would end badly. But as the craze kept gathering force, his fund lost 20 percent by the middle of 1999. Though he knew that the Internet bubble would burst, he bought the borrowed shares back and closed his short positions. That wasn’t enough. Under performance pressure, he turned against what he knew—which was the right thing to do—and became the next type of bubble participant: the forced buyer. 
4. The forced buyers: These are the professional investors who are forced to participate in a bubble, mostly under pressure to deliver short-term gains. Not getting involved in the Next Big Thing would make them look outdated, and they face losing jobs or clients. After closing his short positions in Internet stocks, and feeling he couldn’t buy those stocks himself, George Soros hired someone to do it for him. His portfolio was then filled with the Internet stocks he hated. Not only that, but the new guy was now selling short the old-economy stocks. It worked. By the end of 1999, Soros saw his fund come all the way back to finish 1999 up 35 percent. The problem was that in another few months, Soros’s prediction of the burst of the Internet bubble came true, and he found himself turned in the wrong direction again.
阅读到的有价值信息的自我思考点评感想
Successful investing is about knowledge and hard work. It is a lifelong learning process—there is no other secret. Only through learning that we can build confidence in your investment decision making. Knowledge and confidence help us to think rationally and independently, especially during market panics and euphoria—when rational and independent thinking is most needed. If you learn more, you will get better. 
How to make profit in stock investing, mainly are:
1)        finding the companies that may generate higher returns with smaller risk. 
2)        deals with how to evaluate these companies, how to find possible problems with them
3)        how to avoid mistakes 
4)        doing correct stock valuations and  market valuations, finding the undervalued ones and  calculate potential returns.
It is a job many people may know but not doing it persistently.