全部版块 我的主页
› 论坛 › 提问 悬赏 求职 新闻 读书 功能一区 › 学道会
学习笔记|XA0 |0513|TED Why do we cry?
XA0
1001 11
2019-05-13

主题为【学道会】活动，点击了解详情


我会不定期在主题帖里记录我的学习内容

（主要为网易公开课和TED，有兴趣的坛友可以跟帖和我一起学习）



      视频链接

如果对内容感兴趣，何不点击看一看



Whether we cry during a sad movie, while chopping onions, or completely involuntarily, our eyes are constantly producing tears. Alex Gendler tracks a particularly watery day in the life of Iris (the iris) as she cycles through basal, reflex and emotional tears. [Directed by The Moving Company Animation Studio, narrated by Addison Anderson].
Our story is about a girl named Iris.
我们的故事是关于虹膜女孩的。
Iris is very sensitive. So much that she is always intears.
虹膜很敏感，以至于总是以泪洗面。
She cries when she's sad, when she's happy, andeven tears up when things just get to her.
她难过的时候会哭，开心的时候也会哭，甚至被惹恼了，还会哭。
She has special lacrimal glands to make new tears and special tubes, called lacrimal puncta, todrain old ones away.
她的特殊泪腺可以分泌新泪水，它还有叫做泪道的特殊管道，用来排走眼泪。
And she cries so much that she goes through ten ounces of tears per day, thirty gallons a year!
她哭得很厉害，每天会流掉十盎司的泪水，一年就是三十加仑！

In fact, if you look closely, you'll see that she's crying a little bit all the time.

The basal tears that Iris constantly produces form a thin coating of three layers that cover herand keep dirt and debris away.
虹膜不断产生的基底眼泪，形成薄薄的三层外膜，防止她接触灰尘、碎屑。
Right next to Iris is the mucus layer, which keeps the whole thing fastened to her.
紧挨着虹膜的是粘液层，它给她固定了整个架构。
On top of it is the aqueous layer, which keeps Iris hydrated, repels invasive bacteria, andprotects her skin, or cornea, from damage.
黏液层上面的是水层，用来保持虹膜湿润，赶走侵入性细菌，并保护她的皮肤或角膜，保护她免受侵害。
And, finally, there is the lipid layer, an oily outer film that keeps the surface smooth for Iris tosee through, and prevents the other layers from evaporating.
最后还有脂质层，它是一层保持表面平滑的油性外膜，方便虹膜透视，也防止其他层的蒸发。
Normally, Iris goes about her day without really noticing the basal tears doing their thing.
通常情况下，虹膜整天都没注意默默工作的基底眼泪。
That's kind of their whole point.
某种程度上说，这是它们的存在价值。
But one day, she meets a girl named Onion.
Iris is immediately smitten.
虹膜倍受打击。
Onion looks gorgeous in her bright purple jacket, and she smells terrific.
洋葱在她明亮紫色外套的烘托下看起来很华丽，并且闻起来棒极了。
So, Iris invites Onion to her house for dinner.
于是，虹膜邀请洋葱来家里吃晚餐。
But when she comes in and takes off her jacket, something terrible happens.
当洋葱进屋并且脱下外套时，可怕的事情发生了。
You see, when Onion's jacket is removed, a chemical reaction happens, converting thesulfoxides that make her smell so great into sulfenic acid, which then becomes a nastysubstance with a long name: syn-Propanethial S-oxide.
你看，当洋葱脱下外套时，一个化学反应发生了，让她很好闻的亚砜转化成了次磺酸，进而变成一个有巨长名字的讨厌物质：丙硫醛-S-氧化物。
The gas stings Iris, and suddenly, she can't help it, she starts weeping uncontrollably.
这种气体刺激着虹膜，来势汹汹，她无力阻止，于是她开始控制不住地大哭。
These reflex tears are different from the basal tearsthat Iris is used to.
这种反应性的眼泪与虹膜经常流的基底眼泪不同。
Because they're designed to wash away harmfulsubstances, or particles, they're released in much larger amounts, and their aqueous layercontains more antibodies to stop any microorganisms that may be trying to get in, as well.
因为，它们是为了冲掉有害物质或颗粒。它们的流量更大，并且水层中包含的大量抗体，也是为了阻止可能进入眼睛的微生物。
Both Iris and Onion are devastated.
虹膜和洋葱都震惊了。
They know they can't continue their relationship if Iris is going to hurt and cry every time Oniontakes off her jacket.
她们知道，如果每次洋葱脱下外套，虹膜就会受到伤害并且哭泣的话，她们就无法继续做好朋友了。
So, they decide to break up.
As Onion walks out the door, Iris stops crying.
当洋葱走出房门时，虹膜停止了哭泣。
And immediately starts again.

Only now, she's not crying reflex tears but emotional tears.


但是这次，她并不是反射性流泪，而是动情落泪。
When someone is either too sad or too happy, it feels like a loss of control, which can bedangerous.
当一个人太难过或太开心的时候，就会感到失控，这是很危险的。
So, emotional tears are sent in to stabilize the mood as quickly as possible, along with otherphysical reactions, such as an increased heart rate and slower breathing.
因此，留下动情的泪水可以和其他物理反应一起，比如加快心率和减缓呼吸，来尽快稳定情绪。
But scientists still aren't sure exactly how or why the tears themselves are helpful.
但是科学家们仍无法确定眼泪为什么或如何起到效用的。
They may be a social mechanism to elicit sympathy or show submission.
它可能是一种博取同情或者表达意见的社会机制。
But some studies have also found that emotional tears contain higher levels of stresshormones, such as ACTH and enkephalin, an endorphin and natural pain killer.
但是某些研究也发现，动情留下的泪水中包含较高浓度的应激激素，比如促肾上腺皮质激素和脑啡肽，后者是一种内啡肽，可以自然止痛。
In this case, emotional tears are also directly calming Iris down, as well as signaling heremotional state to others.
在这种情况下，动情泪水也可以让虹膜冷静下来，以及向别人传递她的情绪。
Sorry things didn't work out with Onion, Iris, but don't worry.
很抱歉，虹膜，你不能和洋葱做朋友了，但是别担心。
As long as you have all three kinds of tears working to keep you balanced and healthy, it willget better.
只要你拥有这三种泪水来保持你的健康均衡，一切都会好起来。
You'll see.
你会看到的。



二维码

扫码加我 拉你入群

请注明：姓名-公司-职位

以便审核进群资格，未注明则拒绝

全部回复
tianwk
2019-5-13 11:46:59
thanks for sharing
二维码

扫码加我 拉你入群

请注明：姓名-公司-职位

以便审核进群资格，未注明则拒绝

albertwishedu
2019-5-13 12:12:17
because our hearts are broken
二维码

扫码加我 拉你入群

请注明：姓名-公司-职位

以便审核进群资格，未注明则拒绝

HappyAndy_Lo
2019-5-13 12:14:26
albertwishedu 发表于 2019-5-13 12:12
because our hearts are broken
[em17]
二维码

扫码加我 拉你入群

请注明：姓名-公司-职位

以便审核进群资格，未注明则拒绝

edmcheng
2019-5-13 12:50:12
Thanks
二维码

扫码加我 拉你入群

请注明：姓名-公司-职位

以便审核进群资格，未注明则拒绝

HappyAndy_Lo
2019-5-13 14:00:42
不是我心飞翔吗。。。
二维码

扫码加我 拉你入群

请注明：姓名-公司-职位

以便审核进群资格，未注明则拒绝

点击查看更多内容…
相关推荐
栏目导航
热门文章
推荐文章

说点什么

分享

微信QQ空间QQ微博
扫码加好友，拉您进群
各岗位、行业、专业交流群