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悬赏200，求翻译：管理机制的现代转型
nlm0402
1732 6
2010-04-07
悬赏 300 个论坛币 已解决
管理机制的现代转型
中国的水问题是自然因素和人为活动双重作用的结果。过去几十年，中国在解决水问题时，往往只重视技术解决方式，忽视制度和管理措施，由于管理体制不顺和措施不力，进一步加剧了水危机的损害程度。因此水资源环境管理体制也必须根据经济发展模式进行系统的创新，由目前水资源的供给管理转向需求管理，由行政分水变为市场配水，由无序开发超采地下水走向注重生态建设涵养水源，由资源耗损型的粗放发展调整为生态法则和市场规制下的生态—市场经济发展模式。实施流域综合管理体制和水资源综合管理体制已经逐渐成为共识
可持续水利，树立现代水资源环境管理理念
随着中国现代化进程的加快，现代性风险已经使我国成为人多水少、水污染严重、水环境恶化、水生态脆弱的国家，亟需进行水资源环境管理的现代转型。江泽民同志在2002年的中央人口资源环境工作会议上，明确指出水资源的可持续利用是经济和社会可持续发展极为重要的保证。要实现水资源“从自然资源向经济资源转变”的工作新思路。现代水利要贯彻科学发展观，转变管理理念和治水思路，树立资源水利、民生水利、生态水利、可持续水利的水资源管理理念，用以指导水事活动，实现“人水和谐”。
统一管理，创新水资源环境管理体制
水资源管理应该以水的资源观点、水的系统观点、水的经济观点以及水的法制观点出发建立统一的、系统的综合管理体制。针对管理职权分散现状，有必要借鉴国际做法，在中央以及地方各级建立水资源委员会等机构，以帮助指导及协调有关部委及地方政府的水资源管理工作，从而统一水资源的管理。[5]实施水资源环境风险管理和水资源流域内综合管理，在统一管理的前提下，建立三个补偿机制：谁耗费水量谁补偿、谁污染水质谁补偿、谁破坏水生态环境谁补偿；同时，利用补偿建立三个恢复机制：保证水量的供需平衡、保证水质达到需求标准、保证水环境与生态达到要求；

在我国，水资源短缺已成事实，然而另一方面是水资源的严重浪费，解决这一问题的有效措施是进行水价改革，制订科学合理的水价。水价改革是推进水资源和水环境综合管理的最重要驱动力。我们要“补偿成本、合理收益、优质优价、公平负担”的原则，建立合理的水价形成机制和价格听证制度，形成水价管理的公共决策机制和价格监管机制。同时，根据实际情况和地域差别，实施“阶梯水价”，通过水价经济杠杆作用，促进全社会节水，提高水资源的利用效率，实现水资源的可持续发展。同时，通过改革，形成价格补偿机制，保证管理单位正常运行，使供水工程处于良性循环状态。

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wolfhard 查看完整内容

In China, water shortage is a fact, but on the other hand, waste of water is also a fact. Effective measures to solve this problem are to change price of water and to formulate a scientific and reasonable water valuation method. Reform on water price is a critical drive to promote the integrated management of water resources and water environment. Reasonable water price formation mechanism and pri ...
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wolfhard
2010-4-7 22:10:13
In China, water shortage is a fact, but on the other hand, waste of water is also a fact. Effective measures to solve this problem are to change price of water and to formulate a scientific and reasonable water valuation method. Reform on water price is a critical drive to promote the integrated management of water resources and water environment. Reasonable water price formation mechanism and price hearing system should be established based on principles of “compensation for cost, reasonable profit, prime cost with prime quality and price supervision system”. Based on the actual situation and geographical differences, it is important to implement economic leverage of the "marginal prices of water", to promote water-saving society, to improve efficiency of water consumption and sustainable development of water resources. At the same time, to establish price subsidy mechanism to ensure normal operation of business units, to achieve a virtuous circle of water supply engineering.
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nlm0402
2010-4-8 18:56:42
顶一下。欢迎果皮再次相助，优先给报酬。
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wolfhard
2010-4-8 21:40:30
Modern Transformation of Management Mechanism
China's water problem is the result of dual interrelations by natural factors and human activities. Over the past few decades, China focused on technical solutions rather than regulation and management measures to tackle the water problem, which further exacerbated the level of damage of water crisis because of disharmonious management system and inadequate implementation.  Therefore, innovation on environmental management of water resources system must be carried out under economic development model, changing from present water supply management to demand management, from present administrative water distribution to the market orientation, from over exploitation of underground water to ecological water preservation, from depletion-type extensive resource utilization to eco-market dual development model. Implementation of integrated watershed management system as well as comprehensive water resources management gradually becomes consensus.
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wolfhard
2010-4-8 21:44:51
Modern Transformation of Management Mechanism
China's water problem is the result of dual interrelations by natural factors and human activities. Over the past few decades, China focused on technical solutions rather than regulation and management measures to tackle the water problem, which further exacerbated the level of damage of water crisis because of disharmonious management system and inadequate implementation.  Therefore, innovation on environmental management of water resources system must be carried out under economic development model, changing from present water supply management to demand management, from present administrative water distribution to the market orientation, from over exploitation of underground water to ecological water preservation, from depletion-type extensive resource utilization to eco-market dual development model. Implementation of integrated watershed management system as well as comprehensive water resources management gradually becomes consensus.
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wolfhard
2010-4-8 22:09:06
Sustainable waterconservancy, establishing the concept of modern environmental management ofwater resources

With the accelerated process of China's modernization, upto date risks have made China a country of little water per capita, sever waterpollution, deterioration of water environment, fragile water ecological system,which promote the need for the fresh transformation of environmental managementof water resources. At conference of Human and Population by the centralgovernment in 2002, Comrade Jiang Zemin clearly pointed out that sustainablesocial and economic development reply on sustainable water utilization. It isimperative to change idea of water resources "from natural resources toeconomic assets." Modern water conservancy emphases on scientific conceptof development, changing management concepts and ideas of water irrigation, andestablishing concepts of water resources, livelihood water resources,ecological water conservancy, sustainable water resources management to guidewater-related activities, and to achieve "harmony between human andwater."
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