REMIX
Making Art and Commerce Thrive
in the Hybrid Economy


CONTENTS
Preface  xiii
INTRODUCTION  1
Part I: Cultures
1. CULTURES OF OUR PAST  23
RW Culture Versus RO Culture  28
Limits in Regulation  31
2. CULTURES OF OUR FUTURE  34
3. RO, EXTENDED  36
Nature Remade  38
Re- remaking Nature  40
Recoding Us  43
4. RW, REVIVED  51
Writing Beyond Words  53
Remixed: Text  57
Remixed: Media  68
The Signifi  cance of Remix  76
The Old in the New  82
5. CULTURES COMPARED  84
Differences in Value— and “Values”  84
Differences in Value (As in $)  88
Differences in Value (As in “Is It Any Good?”)  90
Differences in Law (As in “Is It Allowed?”)  97
Lessons About Cultures  105
Part II: Economies
6.   TWO ECONOMIES:
COMMERCIAL AND SHARING  117
Commercial Economies  119
Three Successes from the Internet’s
Commercial Economy  122
Three Keys to These Three Successes  128
Little Brother  132
The Character of Commercial Success  141
Sharing Economies  143
Internet Sharing Economies  155
The Paradigm Case: Wikipedia  156
Beyond Wikipedia  162
What Sharing Economies Share  172
7. HYBRID ECONOMIES  177
The Paradigm Case: Free Software  179
Beyond Free Software  185
8. ECONOMY LESSONS  225
Parallel Economies Are Possible  225
Tools Help Signal Which Economy a Creator
Creates For  226
Crossovers Are Growing  227
Strong Incentives Will Increasingly Drive
Commercial Entities to Hybrids  228
Perceptions of Fairness Will in Part Mediate the
Hybrid Relationship Between Sharing and
Commercial Economies  231
“Sharecropping” Is Not Likely to Become a
Term of Praise  243
The Hybrid Can Help Us Decriminalize Youth  248
Part III: Enabling the Future
9. REFORMING LAW  253
1. Deregulating Amateur Creativity  254
2. Clear Title  260
3. Simplify  266
4. Decriminalizing the Copy  268
5. Decriminalizing File Sharing  271
10. REFORMING US  274
Chilling the Control Freaks  274
Showing Sharing  276
Rediscovering the Limits of Regulation  280
CONCLUSION  289
Acknowledgments  295
Notes  299
Index  319