2010 诺贝尔经济学奖得主的简历

北京时间10月11日19时，瑞典皇家科学院公布备受关注的2010年诺贝尔经济学奖，授予麻省理工学院的彼得·戴蒙德(Peter Diamond)、美国西北大学的戴尔·莫滕森（Dale T. Mortensen）以及伦敦政治经济学院的克里斯托弗·皮萨里德斯(Christopher A. Pissarid)教授，三人将分享1000万瑞典克朗（约合140万美元）奖金。


1.  彼得·戴蒙德(Peter Diamond)

彼得•戴蒙德生于1940年，1960年毕业于耶鲁大学，获数学学士学位；1963年，年仅23岁就获得了麻省理工学院经济学博士学位，之后在加州大学伯克利分校开始教学生涯。自1966年起至今，戴蒙德一直在麻省理工学院任教。2002至2003年，戴蒙德被推选为美国经济协会主席。
他在四十多年的学术生涯中，引领了宏观经济学研究潮流，不断开辟新的研究领域，为其他经济学家建立了研究标准和方向。戴蒙德获得了2010年诺贝尔经济学奖。由于他对美国社会保障政策的分析，以及80年代后期到90年代期间在社保咨询委员会中担任顾问一职而知名。
戴尔蒙德对许多领域做出了重要的贡献，包括：政府债务与资本积累、资本市场与风险分摊，税制优化，劳动市场上的买卖互相配对，以及社会保险问题。
戴尔蒙德的最优税收理论被广泛应用于公共政策领域，其著有《养老金改革：简要指南》、《养老金改革：原则和政策选择》、《行为经济学及其应用》等。
现年70岁的彼得-戴蒙德（Peter A.Diamond）正面临新的职业生涯选择。
　　今年4月,他曾与耶伦（Janet Yellen）、拉斯金（Sarah Bloom Raskin）一同被美国总统奥巴马提名进入美联储理事会。但8月,国会否决了对戴蒙德的提名。9月,奥巴马再度提名戴蒙德。
　　此前,来自阿拉巴马州的共和党参议员谢尔比表示,戴蒙德缺乏美联储运作所需要的宏观经济经验。他表示,戴蒙德并不是货币经济学家。而有消息称,戴蒙德提名的确认要等待国会中期选举之后再定。
昆明假楼盘骗近3亿调查：开发商获市委书记批示 温家宝接受CNN记者专访
央行上调六家银行存款准备金率 全国保障房开工率仅7成 党报再次曝行政及垄断行业乱收费 稀土走私年流失或达2万吨 企业17项最重负担 环保列第一 中国拉拢欧洲很可能是与虎谋皮 　　国会的态度正面临学术界和媒体的批评。《纽约时报》发表文章称,国会驳回对戴蒙德的任命属于偏见。自2006年开始执掌美联储的伯南克曾经师从戴蒙德。1979年,25岁的伯南克在毕业论文的感谢辞中,感谢戴蒙德“慷慨地给予时间阅读和讨论我的研究工作”。
　　在戴蒙德被提名加入美联储时,经济学家克鲁格曼表示,当前最重要的经济问题之一是,贝弗里奇曲线的明显改变是否意味着结构性失业的上升,而戴蒙德正是研究这一问题的专家——他就此问题写就了具有奠基意义的一篇论文,该论文迄今仍是该主题在谷歌学术搜索结果中的第一条。贝弗里奇曲线显示了职位空缺与失业率之间的关系。“戴蒙德正是我们需要的人。”克鲁格曼表示。
　　乔治·梅森大学经济学教授泰勒·柯文（Tyler Cowen）表示,戴蒙德是代表麻省理工学院（MIT）经济学最高水平的教授之一。他在宏观经济很多领域都做出了卓越的贡献,包括政府债务和资本积累、资本市场和风险分担、最佳赋税、劳动力市场的搜寻和匹配,以及社会保险。
　　1965年,年仅25岁的戴蒙德就在《美国经济评论》上发表了他的第一篇经典论文“新古典增长模型中的国家债务”。文中,他在拉姆齐研究的基础上,建立了著名的世代交叠模型。这一模型可以分析不同年龄、具有不同消费和储蓄特征的人同时并存,大大扩展了模型的现实意义。
　　柯文认为,戴蒙德1982年发表的关于劳动力市场搜寻和匹配的论文最有影响。这篇论文明确阐述了企业和劳动者之间的异质性,并提出搜寻过程可能会导致在劳动力市场均衡时仍存在失业。他搭建的“搜寻—匹配”框架至今仍很重要。论文显示,失业补贴确实能带来更好的匹配,但更高的失业补贴也意味着搜寻的时间变长和失业率的提高。
　　戴蒙德关注社保话题,除对美国和欧洲社保体制改革深入研究以外,他还参与了“中国经济研究和咨询项目”的首期研究。研究结果认为,记账式个人账户养老金制度适合中国社保体系发展的方向。
　　戴蒙德于1960年在耶鲁大学获得数学学士,仅3年后又拿到了MIT博士学位,曾被经济学泰斗保罗·萨缪尔森誉为经济学“神童”。此后,他就职于加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校,并于1966年返回MIT任教,四年后获得终身教职。戴蒙德在学术界享有极高的声望,曾经在世界计量经济学会、美国经济学会等经济学组织任主席,同时他也是美国国家科学院成员。

Peter A. Diamond   英文简历
Birth April 29, 1940 (1940-04-29) (age 70)
Nationality  United States
Institution MIT
University of California, Berkeley
Field Political economics, welfare economics, behavioral economics
Alma mater MIT
Yale University
Awards Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences2010

Education and career
Diamond earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Yale University in 1960 and defended a Ph.D. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1963. He was an assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley from 1964 to 1965 and an acting associate professor there before joining the MIT faculty as an associate professor in 1966. Diamond was promoted to full professor in 1970, served as head of the Department of Economics in 1985–86 and was named an Institute Professor in 1997.
Diamond was in 1968 elected a fellow and served as President of the Econometric Society. In 2003, he served as president of the American Economic Association. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1978), and Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1984), and is a Founding Member of the National Academy of Social Insurance (1988). Diamond was the 2008 recipient of the Robert M. Ball Award for Outstanding Achievements in Social Insurance, awarded by NASI.[1]
Diamond wrote a book on Social Security with Peter R. Orszag, President Obama's former director of the Office of Management and Budget,[2] titled Saving Social security: a balanced approach (2004,-5, Brookings Institution Press).[3] An earlier paper from Brookings Institution introduced their ideas.[4]
On April 29, 2010, Diamond was announced by Barack Obama as one of three nominees to fill the three vacancies then present on the Federal Reserve Board, along with Janet Yellen and Sarah Bloom Raskin.[5] On August 5 the Senate returned Diamond's nomination to the White House, effectively rejecting his nomination.[6] President Obama renominated him on September 13.[7]
Ben Bernanke, the current Chairman of the Fed, was once a student of Diamond.[8]
Diamond was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in October 2010, along with Dale T. Mortensen from Northwestern University and Christopher A. Pissarides from the London School of Economics "for their analysis of markets with search frictions".[9]

Professional activity
Diamond has made fundamental contributions to a variety of areas, including government debt and capital accumulation, capital markets and risk sharing, optimal taxation, search and matching in labor markets, and social insurance.

Diamond (1965) – possibility of dynamic inefficiency
Diamond (1965) extended the representative agent growth model, where there is a fixed measure of infinitely-lived individuals, to a model where new individuals are continually being born and old individuals are continually dying.
Since individuals born at different times attain different utility levels, it is not clear how to evaluate social welfare. One of the main results of this paper is that the decentralized equilibrium might be dynamically Pareto efficient even though it is ex ante inefficient.

Diamond and Mirrlees (1971) – "Diamond-Mirrlees Efficiency Theorem"
Diamond and Mirrlees (1971) provide sufficient conditions for a second best Pareto efficient allocation with linear commodity taxation to require efficient production when a finite set of consumers have continuous single-valued demand functions.
Diamond and Mirrlees examine a situation in which the government requires a revenue raised by taxes but lump-sum taxation, and therefore a first-best Pareto optimal allocation of resources, is unavailable. However, if there are no other distortions in the economy (e.g. externalities), if firms are characterised by constant returns to scale and if the government can set the vector of indirect consumption taxes independently of production prices then it is optimal to have productive efficiency in the economy. This implies that there should be no taxes on intermediate goods and imports.
The key idea is that when the government can control all consumer prices, the producer prices are disconnected from the consumer prices and the consumption decision part of the optimal taxation problem becomes independent of the production decision.[10]
   Diamond (1982) – labor market search and match
Diamond (1982) is one of the first papers which explicitly models firm and worker heterogeneity and how the search process might result in equilibrium unemployment.

Social Security policy
Diamond has focused much of his professional career on the analysis of U.S. Social Security policy as well as its analogs in other countries, such as China. In numerous journal articles and books, he has presented analyses of social welfare programs in general and the American Social Security Administration in particular. He has frequently proposed policy adjustments, such as incremental but small increases in social security contributions using actuarial tables to adjust for changes in life expectancy and an increase in the proportion of earnings that are subject to taxation.