摘要翻译：
我们研究了一大类接近玻璃和干扰跃迁的材料中单粒子位移分布（van-Hove函数）的结构。在包含结构弛豫的宽时间窗内，van-Hove函数反映了慢粒子和快粒子的共存（动态异质性）。分布的尾部呈现指数衰减，而不是高斯衰减。我们认为，这种行为在玻璃材料中是普遍存在的，应该被认为是时间相关函数在空间中的伸展指数衰减的模拟。我们介绍了一个定量描述过冷液体、胶体硬球和粒状材料中数值和实验数据的动力学模型。这些分布的尾部直接解释了玻璃材料中平移扩散和结构弛豫之间的解耦。
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英文标题：
《Universal nature of particle displacements close to glass and jamming
  transitions》
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作者：
Pinaki Chaudhuri, Ludovic Berthier, Walter Kob
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最新提交年份：
2007
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Statistical Mechanics        统计力学
分类描述：Phase transitions, thermodynamics, field theory, non-equilibrium phenomena, renormalization group and scaling, integrable models, turbulence
相变，热力学，场论，非平衡现象，重整化群和标度，可积模型，湍流
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英文摘要：
  We examine the structure of the distribution of single particle displacements (van-Hove function) in a broad class of materials close to glass and jamming transitions. In a wide time window comprising structural relaxation, van-Hove functions reflect the coexistence of slow and fast particles (dynamic heterogeneity). The tails of the distributions exhibit exponential, rather than Gaussian, decay. We argue that this behavior is universal in glassy materials and should be considered the analog, in space, of the stretched exponential decay of time correlation functions. We introduce a dynamical model that describes quantitatively numerical and experimental data in supercooled liquids, colloidal hard spheres and granular materials. The tails of the distributions directly explain the decoupling between translational diffusion and structural relaxation observed in glassy materials.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/707.2095