摘要翻译：
我回顾了生物物理中的单分子实验(SME)。最近的技术发展提供了设计和制造足够高灵敏度和精确度的科学仪器的工具，以操纵和可视化单个分子和测量微观力。使用SME可以：一次操作一个分子，测量描述分子性质的分布；表征生物分子反应动力学和；检测分子中间体。SME提供有关生物分子过程的热力学和动力学的额外信息。这补充了在传统的批量分析中获得的信息。在SME中，还可以测量生物分子反应中的小能量和检测大布朗偏差，从而提供了新的方法和系统来审查统计力学的基本基础。这篇评论是在一个非常介绍性的水平上写的，强调了中小企业对科学家的重要性，他们有兴趣了解思想的共同操场和通过这些技术可以访问的跨学科主题。本文从实验的角度讨论了中小企业，首先介绍了最常见的实验方法，然后介绍了应用这些技术的各种分子系统。简要讨论了原子力显微镜(AFM)、激光光镊(LOT)、磁镊(MT)、生物膜力探针(BFP)和单分子荧光(SMF)等实验技术。然后介绍了SME在核酸(DNA、RNA和DNA缩合）、蛋白质（蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用、蛋白质折叠和分子马达）研究中的几个应用。最后，讨论了SME在小系统非平衡态热力学研究和涨落定理的实验验证中的应用。最后，我讨论了开放的问题和未来的前景。
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英文标题：
《Single-molecule experiments in biological physics: methods and
  applications》
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作者：
F. Ritort
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最新提交年份：
2006
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Soft Condensed Matter        软凝聚态物质
分类描述：Membranes, polymers, liquid crystals, glasses, colloids, granular matter
膜，聚合物，液晶，玻璃，胶体，颗粒物质
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Materials Science        材料科学
分类描述：Techniques, synthesis, characterization, structure.  Structural phase transitions, mechanical properties, phonons. Defects, adsorbates, interfaces
技术，合成，表征，结构。结构相变，力学性质，声子。缺陷，吸附质，界面
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Other Condensed Matter        其他凝聚态物质
分类描述：Work in condensed matter that does not fit into the other cond-mat classifications
在不适合其他cond-mat分类的凝聚态物质中工作
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Statistical Mechanics        统计力学
分类描述：Phase transitions, thermodynamics, field theory, non-equilibrium phenomena, renormalization group and scaling, integrable models, turbulence
相变，热力学，场论，非平衡现象，重整化群和标度，可积模型，湍流
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Biological Physics        生物物理学
分类描述：Molecular biophysics, cellular biophysics, neurological biophysics, membrane biophysics, single-molecule biophysics, ecological biophysics, quantum phenomena in biological systems (quantum biophysics), theoretical biophysics, molecular dynamics/modeling and simulation, game theory, biomechanics, bioinformatics, microorganisms, virology, evolution, biophysical methods.
分子生物物理、细胞生物物理、神经生物物理、膜生物物理、单分子生物物理、生态生物物理、生物系统中的量子现象（量子生物物理）、理论生物物理、分子动力学/建模与模拟、博弈论、生物力学、生物信息学、微生物、病毒学、进化论、生物物理方法。
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一级分类：Quantitative Biology        数量生物学
二级分类：Biomolecules        生物分子
分类描述：DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, etc.; molecular structures and folding kinetics; molecular interactions; single-molecule manipulation.
DNA、RNA、蛋白质、脂类等；分子结构与折叠动力学；分子相互作用；单分子操作。
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一级分类：Quantitative Biology        数量生物学
二级分类：Other Quantitative Biology        其他定量生物学
分类描述：Work in quantitative biology that does not fit into the other q-bio classifications
不适合其他q-bio分类的定量生物学工作
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英文摘要：
  I review single-molecule experiments (SME) in biological physics. Recent technological developments have provided the tools to design and build scientific instruments of high enough sensitivity and precision to manipulate and visualize individual molecules and measure microscopic forces. Using SME it is possible to: manipulate molecules one at a time and measure distributions describing molecular properties; characterize the kinetics of biomolecular reactions and; detect molecular intermediates. SME provide the additional information about thermodynamics and kinetics of biomolecular processes. This complements information obtained in traditional bulk assays. In SME it is also possible to measure small energies and detect large Brownian deviations in biomolecular reactions, thereby offering new methods and systems to scrutinize the basic foundations of statistical mechanics. This review is written at a very introductory level emphasizing the importance of SME to scientists interested in knowing the common playground of ideas and the interdisciplinary topics accessible by these techniques. The review discusses SME from an experimental perspective, first exposing the most common experimental methodologies and later presenting various molecular systems where such techniques have been applied. I briefly discuss experimental techniques such as atomic-force microscopy (AFM), laser optical tweezers (LOT), magnetic tweezers (MT), biomembrane force probe (BFP) and single-molecule fluorescence (SMF). I then present several applications of SME to the study of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA and DNA condensation), proteins (protein-protein interactions, protein folding and molecular motors). Finally, I discuss applications of SME to the study of the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of small systems and the experimental verification of fluctuation theorems. I conclude with a discussion of open questions and future perspectives.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0609378