摘要翻译：
我非常荣幸地为这本引人入胜、多种多样的论著作前言，内容涉及计算的性质及其与支配我们生活的宇宙的已知或未知的基本定律的运作的深刻联系。从根本上说，深刻的问题确实在这里被讨论，我们发现如此多不同的观点，这是意料之中的事情，因为事实上，我们对这些基本定律的基本性质和起源知之甚少，尽管我们经常发现它们揭示了巨大的精确度。因此，不足为奇的是，在这里所表达的观点中有一些毫不掩饰的推测，有时只是接近于部分合理的猜测，而在其他地方我们发现许多精确的推理，有些是以严格的数学定理的形式出现的。这两者都是应该的，因为如果没有一些有灵感的猜测，我们就不可能有新的想法，关于在哪里寻找以取得真正的新进展，如果没有精确的数学推理，就像在精确的观察中一样，我们就不可能知道我们什么时候是对的--或者更通常地说，我们什么时候是错的。
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英文标题：
《Foreword: A Computable Universe, Understanding Computation and Exploring
  Nature As Computation》
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作者：
Roger Penrose
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最新提交年份：
2012
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分类信息：

一级分类：Computer Science        计算机科学
二级分类：General Literature        一般文献
分类描述：Covers introductory material, survey material, predictions of future trends, biographies, and miscellaneous computer-science related material. Roughly includes all of ACM Subject Class A, except it does not include conference proceedings (which will be listed in the appropriate subject area).
包括介绍性材料、调查材料、未来趋势预测、传记和其他与计算机科学相关的材料。大致包括ACM主题A类的所有内容，但不包括会议记录（将在适当的主题区域中列出）。
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一级分类：Computer Science        计算机科学
二级分类：Artificial Intelligence        人工智能
分类描述：Covers all areas of AI except Vision, Robotics, Machine Learning, Multiagent Systems, and Computation and Language (Natural Language Processing), which have separate subject areas. In particular, includes Expert Systems, Theorem Proving (although this may overlap with Logic in Computer Science), Knowledge Representation, Planning, and Uncertainty in AI. Roughly includes material in ACM Subject Classes I.2.0, I.2.1, I.2.3, I.2.4, I.2.8, and I.2.11.
涵盖了人工智能的所有领域，除了视觉、机器人、机器学习、多智能体系统以及计算和语言（自然语言处理），这些领域有独立的学科领域。特别地，包括专家系统，定理证明（尽管这可能与计算机科学中的逻辑重叠），知识表示，规划，和人工智能中的不确定性。大致包括ACM学科类I.2.0、I.2.1、I.2.3、I.2.4、I.2.8和I.2.11中的材料。
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一级分类：Computer Science        计算机科学
二级分类：Computational Complexity        计算复杂度
分类描述：Covers models of computation, complexity classes, structural complexity, complexity tradeoffs, upper and lower bounds. Roughly includes material in ACM Subject Classes F.1 (computation by abstract devices), F.2.3 (tradeoffs among complexity measures), and F.4.3 (formal languages), although some material in formal languages may be more appropriate for Logic in Computer Science. Some material in F.2.1 and F.2.2, may also be appropriate here, but is more likely to have Data Structures and Algorithms as the primary subject area.
涵盖计算模型，复杂度类别，结构复杂度，复杂度折衷，上限和下限。大致包括ACM学科类F.1（抽象设备的计算）、F.2.3（复杂性度量之间的权衡）和F.4.3（形式语言）中的材料，尽管形式语言中的一些材料可能更适合于计算机科学中的逻辑。在F.2.1和F.2.2中的一些材料可能也适用于这里，但更有可能以数据结构和算法作为主要主题领域。
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一级分类：Computer Science        计算机科学
二级分类：Information Theory        信息论
分类描述：Covers theoretical and experimental aspects of information theory and coding. Includes material in ACM Subject Class E.4 and intersects with H.1.1.
涵盖信息论和编码的理论和实验方面。包括ACM学科类E.4中的材料，并与H.1.1有交集。
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一级分类：Mathematics        数学
二级分类：Information Theory        信息论
分类描述：math.IT is an alias for cs.IT. Covers theoretical and experimental aspects of information theory and coding.
它是cs.it的别名。涵盖信息论和编码的理论和实验方面。
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：History and Philosophy of Physics        物理学的历史与哲学
分类描述：History and philosophy of all branches of physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, including appreciations of physicists.
物理学、天体物理学和宇宙学的所有分支的历史和哲学，包括物理学家的赏析。
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Popular Physics        大众物理学
分类描述：Description coming soon
描述即将到来
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英文摘要：
  I am most honoured to have the privilege to present the Foreword to this fascinating and wonderfully varied collection of contributions, concerning the nature of computation and of its deep connection with the operation of those basic laws, known or yet unknown, governing the universe in which we live. Fundamentally deep questions are indeed being grappled with here, and the fact that we find so many different viewpoints is something to be expected, since, in truth, we know little about the foundational nature and origins of these basic laws, despite the immense precision that we so often find revealed in them. Accordingly, it is not surprising that within the viewpoints expressed here is some unabashed speculation, occasionally bordering on just partially justified guesswork, while elsewhere we find a good deal of precise reasoning, some in the form of rigorous mathematical theorems. Both of these are as should be, for without some inspired guesswork we cannot have new ideas as to where look in order to make genuinely new progress, and without precise mathematical reasoning, no less than in precise observation, we cannot know when we are right -- or, more usually, when we are wrong.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1205.5823