摘要翻译：
经济学中均衡模型的使用源于对考虑到人类推理的经济现象的简约模型的渴望。这种方法一直是现代经济理论的基石。我们解释了为什么会这样，赞美平衡理论的优点；然后，我们提出了一个批评，并描述了为什么这种方法固有的局限性，以及为什么经济学需要向新的方向前进，如果它要继续取得进展。我们强调，这不应该是一个教条的问题，而应该从经验中解决。有些情况下，平衡模型提供了有用的预测，有些情况下，它们永远不能提供有用的预测。也有许多情况仍然悬而未决，也就是说，到目前为止，它们未能提供对世界的良好描述，但适当的扩展可能会改变这种情况。我们的目标是使怀疑论者相信均衡模型是有用的，但也使传统经济学家更多地认识到均衡模型的局限性。我们概述了一些可供选择的方法，并讨论了为什么它们应该在未来的经济学研究中发挥重要作用。
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英文标题：
《The virtues and vices of equilibrium and the future of financial
  economics》
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作者：
J. Doyne Farmer and John Geanakoplos
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最新提交年份：
2008
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：General Finance        一般财务
分类描述：Development of general quantitative methodologies with applications in finance
通用定量方法的发展及其在金融中的应用
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society        物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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英文摘要：
  The use of equilibrium models in economics springs from the desire for parsimonious models of economic phenomena that take human reasoning into account. This approach has been the cornerstone of modern economic theory. We explain why this is so, extolling the virtues of equilibrium theory; then we present a critique and describe why this approach is inherently limited, and why economics needs to move in new directions if it is to continue to make progress. We stress that this shouldn't be a question of dogma, but should be resolved empirically. There are situations where equilibrium models provide useful predictions and there are situations where they can never provide useful predictions. There are also many situations where the jury is still out, i.e., where so far they fail to provide a good description of the world, but where proper extensions might change this. Our goal is to convince the skeptics that equilibrium models can be useful, but also to make traditional economists more aware of the limitations of equilibrium models. We sketch some alternative approaches and discuss why they should play an important role in future research in economics.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/0803.2996