英文标题:
《From Big Data To Important Information》
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作者:
Yaneer Bar-Yam
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最新提交年份:
2016
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英文摘要:
Advances in science are being sought in newly available opportunities to collect massive quantities of data about complex systems. While key advances are being made in detailed mapping of systems, how to relate this data to solving many of the challenges facing humanity is unclear. The questions we often wish to address require identifying the impact of interventions on the system and that impact is not apparent in the detailed data that is available. Here we review key concepts and motivate a general framework for building larger scale views of complex systems and for characterizing the importance of information in physical, biological and social systems. We provide examples of its application to evolutionary biology with relevance to ecology, biodiversity, pandemics, and human lifespan, and in the context of social systems with relevance to ethnic violence, global food prices, and stock market panic. Framing scientific inquiry as an effort to determine what is important and unimportant is a means for advancing our understanding and addressing many practical concerns, such as economic development or treating disease.
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中文摘要:
科学的进步正在寻找新的机会来收集有关复杂系统的大量数据。虽然在详细绘制系统地图方面取得了重大进展,但如何将这些数据与解决人类面临的许多挑战联系起来尚不清楚。我们经常希望解决的问题需要确定干预措施对系统的影响,而这种影响在现有的详细数据中并不明显。在这里,我们回顾了关键概念,并提出了一个总体框架,用于构建复杂系统的更大规模视图,以及描述信息在物理、生物和社会系统中的重要性。我们提供了将其应用于进化生物学的例子,涉及生态学、生物多样性、流行病和人类寿命,以及与种族暴力、全球食品价格和股市恐慌相关的社会系统。将科学研究界定为确定什么是重要的,什么是不重要的,是促进我们理解和解决许多实际问题的一种手段,如经济发展或治疗疾病。
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分类信息:
一级分类:Physics 物理学
二级分类:Physics and Society 物理学与社会
分类描述:Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体(人类或其他)的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统(如能源网、运输网络)的物理和工程。
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一级分类:Physics 物理学
二级分类:Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems 自适应和自组织系统
分类描述:Adaptation, self-organizing systems, statistical physics, fluctuating systems, stochastic processes, interacting particle systems, machine learning
自适应,自组织系统,统计物理,波动系统,随机过程,相互作用粒子系统,
机器学习
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一级分类:Quantitative Biology 数量生物学
二级分类:Populations and Evolution 种群与进化
分类描述:Population dynamics, spatio-temporal and epidemiological models, dynamic speciation, co-evolution, biodiversity, foodwebs, aging; molecular evolution and phylogeny; directed evolution; origin of life
种群动力学;时空和流行病学模型;动态物种形成;协同进化;生物多样性;食物网;老龄化;分子进化和系统发育;定向进化;生命起源
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一级分类:Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类:Economics 经济学
分类描述:q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学,包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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