英文标题：
《On the survival of poor peasants》
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作者：
Andrea C. Levi, Ubaldo Garibaldi
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最新提交年份：
2016
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英文摘要：
  Previously, in underdeveloped countries, people tried to keep the prices of food products artificially low, in order to help the poor to buy their food. But it became soon clear that such system, although helpful for the city poor, was disastrous for the peasants (who usually are even poorer), so that hunger increased, instead of decreasing. More recently, thus, higher prices have been imposed. But a high-price system does not solve the problems. It helps, indeed, a peasant to buy in the city non-edible products, but not to buy (more expensive) food products from other peasants. The question is discussed here in more detail starting from the simplest conceivable case of two peasants producing each a different food product (bread and cheese, say), then generalizing to several food items and to any number of peasants producing a given food item j. Like in every economic system which wants to be sustainable, or able to reproduce itself in a stationary state at least, prices are determined by the necessity of exchanging \"means of production\" among \"industries\", except that here industriesare replaced by working peasants and means of production are replaced by food. It is found that prices must obey certain inequalities related to the minimal amount of each food item necessary for survival. Inequalities may be rewritten as equations and, in an important special case, such equations give rise to a simple version of the matrix equation used by famous authors to describe the economy.
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中文摘要：
以前，在不发达国家，人们试图人为压低食品价格，以帮助穷人购买食品。但很快就清楚了，这种制度虽然有助于城市贫民，但对农民（他们通常更穷）却是灾难性的，因此饥饿非但没有减少，反而增加了。因此，最近，价格上涨。但高价格体系并不能解决问题。事实上，这有助于农民在城里购买非食用产品，但不能从其他农民那里购买（更昂贵的）食品。这里更详细地讨论了这个问题，从两个农民各自生产不同食品（比如面包和奶酪）的最简单情况开始，然后将其推广到几个食品项目和任意数量的农民生产一个给定的食品项目j。就像在每一个想要可持续发展的经济系统中，或者至少能够在静止状态下自我复制一样，价格是由“工业”之间交换“生产资料”的必要性决定的，只是这里的工业被工农所取代，生产资料被粮食所取代。研究发现，价格必须服从与生存所需的每种食物的最低数量有关的某些不平等。不等式可以改写为方程，在一个重要的特殊情况下，这些方程会产生一个简单的矩阵方程，著名作者用它来描述经济。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：Economics        经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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