英文标题：
《Extracting Geography from Trade Data》
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作者：
Yuke Li, Tianhao Wu, Nicholas Marshall, Stefan Steinerberger
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最新提交年份：
2016
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英文摘要：
  Understanding international trade is a fundamental problem in economics -- one standard approach is via what is commonly called the \"gravity equation\", which predicts the total amount of trade $F_ij$ between two countries $i$ and $j$ as $$ F_{ij} = G \\frac{M_i M_j}{D_{ij}},$$ where $G$ is a constant, $M_i, M_j$ denote the \"economic mass\" (often simply the gross domestic product) and $D_{ij}$ the \"distance\" between countries $i$ and $j$, where \"distance\" is a complex notion that includes geographical, historical, linguistic and sociological components. We take the \\textit{inverse} route and ask ourselves to which extent it is possible to reconstruct meaningful information about countries simply from knowing the bilateral trade volumes $F_{ij}$: indeed, we show that a remarkable amount of geopolitical information can be extracted. The main tool is a spectral decomposition of the Graph Laplacian as a tool to perform nonlinear dimensionality reduction. This may have further applications in economic analysis and provides a data-based approach to \"trade distance\".
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中文摘要：
理解国际贸易是经济学中的一个基本问题——一种标准方法是通过通常被称为“引力方程”的方法，该方程预测两国之间的贸易总额，即$$F{ij}=G\\frac{M\\u i M\\u j}{D\\u{ij}，$$，其中$$G$是常数，$$M\\i，M\\j$表示“经济质量”（通常只是国内生产总值），D\\ij$表示国家间的“距离”，即i$和j$，其中“距离”是一个复杂的概念，包括地理、历史、语言和社会学组成部分。我们走逆向路线，问自己，仅仅从了解双边贸易额就可以在多大程度上重建有关国家的有意义信息：事实上，我们表明，可以提取大量的地缘政治信息。主要工具是拉普拉斯图的谱分解，作为执行非线性降维的工具。这可能在经济分析中有进一步的应用，并为“贸易距离”提供了一种基于数据的方法。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：Trading and Market Microstructure        交易与市场微观结构
分类描述：Market microstructure, liquidity, exchange and auction design, automated trading, agent-based modeling and market-making
市场微观结构，流动性，交易和拍卖设计，自动化交易，基于代理的建模和做市
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society        物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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