英文标题：
《Kinetic theory and Brazilian income distribution》
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作者：
Igor D. S. Siciliani and Marcelo H. R. Tragtenberg
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最新提交年份：
2017
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英文摘要：
  We investigate the Brazilian personal income distribution using data from National Household Sample Survey (PNAD), an annual research available by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). It provides general characteristics of the country\'s population. Using PNAD data background we also confirm the effectiveness of a semi-empirical model that reconciles Pareto power-law for high-income people and Boltzmann- Gibbs distribution for the rest of population. We use three measures of income inequality: the Pareto index, the average income and the crossover income. In order to cope with many dimensions of the income inequality, we calculate these three indices and also the Gini coefficient for the general population as well as for two kinds of population dichotomies: black / indigenous / mixed race versus white / yellow; and men versus women. We also followed the time series of these indices for the period 2001-2014. The results suggest a decreasing of Brazilian income inequality over the selected period. Another important result is that historically-disadvantaged subgroups (Women and black / indigenous / mixed race),that are the majority of the population, have a more equalitarian income distribution. These groups have also a smaller monthly income than the others and this social structure remained virtually unchanged in the period of time.
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中文摘要：
我们利用国家住户抽样调查（PNAD）的数据调查了巴西的个人收入分布。PNAD是巴西地理与统计研究所（IBGE）每年进行的一项研究。它提供了该国人口的一般特征。利用PNAD数据背景，我们还证实了一个半经验模型的有效性，该模型调和了高收入人群的帕累托幂律和其他人群的玻尔兹曼-吉布斯分布。我们使用了三个衡量收入不平等的指标：帕累托指数、平均收入和交叉收入。为了应对收入不平等的许多方面，我们计算了这三个指数以及普通人口的基尼系数，以及两种人口二分法：黑人/土著/混血种族与白人/黄种人；男人对女人。我们还跟踪了2001-2014年期间这些指数的时间序列。结果表明，在选定的时期内，巴西的收入不平等有所减少。另一个重要结果是，历史上处于不利地位的亚群体（妇女和黑人/土著/混血）占人口的大多数，收入分配更加平等。这些群体的月收入也低于其他群体，而这一社会结构在这段时间内几乎保持不变。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：General Finance        一般财务
分类描述：Development of general quantitative methodologies with applications in finance
通用定量方法的发展及其在金融中的应用
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