全部版块 我的主页
› 论坛 › 提问 悬赏 求职 新闻 读书 功能一区 › 真实世界经济学(含财经时事)
20120324 Follow Me 317 U.S. –The Goal of Energy Independence
桶桶nancy
4292 31
2012-03-24
   
    Across the country, the oil and gas industry is vastly increasing production, reversing two decades of decline. Using new technology and spurred by rising oil prices since the mid-2000s, the industry is extracting millions of barrels more a week, from the deepest waters of the Gulf of Mexico to the prairies of North Dakota. At the same time, Americans are pumping significantly less gasoline. While that is partly a result of the recession and higher gasoline prices, people are also driving fewer miles and replacing older cars with more fuel-efficient vehicles at a greater clip, federal data show.

    Taken together, the increasing production and declining consumption have unexpectedly brought the United States markedly closer to a goal that has tantalized presidents since Richard Nixon: independence from foreign energy sources, a milestone that could reconfigure American foreign policy, the economy and more. In 2011, the country imported just 45 percent of the liquid fuels it used, down from a record high of 60 percent in 2005.
20120322ENERGY-slide-0UR5-articleLarge.jpg
    How the country made this turnabout is a story of industry-friendly policies started by President Bush and largely continued by President Obama — many over the objections of environmental advocates — as well as technological advances that have allowed the extraction of oil and gas once considered too difficult and too expensive to reach. But mainly it is a story of the complex economics of energy, which sometimes seems to operate by its own rules of supply and demand.

    With gasoline prices now approaching record highs and politicians mud-wrestling about the causes and solutions, the effects of the longer-term rise in production can be difficult to see. Simple economics suggests that if the nation is producing more energy, prices should be falling. But crude oil — and gasoline and diesel made from it — are global commodities whose prices are affected by factors around the world. Supply disruptions in Africa, the political standoff with Iran and rising demand from a recovering world economy all are contributing to the current spike in global oil prices, offsetting the impact of the increased domestic supply.

    But the domestic trends are unmistakable. Not only has the United States reduced oil imports from members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries by more than 20 percent in the last three years, it has become a net exporter of refined petroleum products like gasoline for the first time since the Truman presidency. National oil production, which declined steadily to 4.95 million barrels a day in 2008 from 9.6 million in 1970, has risen over the last four years to nearly 5.7 million barrels a day. The Energy Department projects that daily output could reach nearly seven million barrels by 2020. Some experts think it could eventually hit 10 million barrels — which would put the United States in the same league as Saudi Arabia.

    The trend of lower consumption, when combined with higher energy production, has profound implications, said Bill White, former deputy energy secretary in the Clinton administration and former mayor of Houston. “Energy independence has always been a race between depletion and technologies to produce more and use energy more efficiently,” he said. “Depletion was winning for decades, and now technology is starting to overtake its lead.”


二维码

扫码加我 拉你入群

请注明：姓名-公司-职位

以便审核进群资格，未注明则拒绝

全部回复
桶桶nancy
2012-3-24 08:32:23
俺先抛砖引玉，占个沙发~

美国全国各地，石油和天然气产业在大幅增产，试图扭转20几年来衰退的局面。至21世纪中期以来，通过使用新技术和节节攀升的油价刺激，油气厂商在一周内从墨西哥湾到北达科他大草原间的最深海域超额提取了上万桶石油。与此同时，美国竟抽取了引起关注的少量天然气，在某种程度上由于经济衰退和天然气高额的价格，联邦数据显示，人们同样选择减少开车出行或者转换成过燃油效率较高的笨重老式车型。

综观之，产量的提升和消费的疲软使美国出乎意料的逼近了从尼克斯总统至今的期盼：不受外国能源的束缚，是美国外交中包括经济或更多方面的政策权利重新洗牌的里程碑，相比2005年，在2011年间美国国内使用的液态燃料进口比例从高达60%的记录下降到了45%。
二维码

扫码加我 拉你入群

请注明：姓名-公司-职位

以便审核进群资格，未注明则拒绝

eaglestar
2012-3-24 12:37:23
怎么感觉跟今年选举多多少少都有联系呢？
二维码

扫码加我 拉你入群

请注明：姓名-公司-职位

以便审核进群资格，未注明则拒绝

mu_lianzheng
2012-3-24 16:35:11
整个国家转机的形成始于布什总统,并且在奥巴马总统时期得以持续,他实行了环境友好政策,与此同时,科技也在进步-允许石油及天然气开采，尽管之前公众一度认为很困难而且过高以至无法实现。 但它主要是一个能源的一个复杂的经济故事，有时似乎实行管理措施。

近年汽油价格不断上涨,已经逼近历史记录，政治家们纷纷献言计策，产品长期上涨的影响是无法预知的。简化的经济思维认为如果一个国家生产更多的能源，价格自然会下降。然而生产出汽油和柴油的原油是全球性产品，其价格受到来自全球各种因素的影响。非洲供给链的破损，伊朗政治局面的僵化以及世界经济复苏对原油需求的不断上升，都促进了现阶段全球性的油价高位，弥补了国内供给增加的影响。

但国内的趋势很明显 。美国不仅在过去三年从石油输出国组织成员国进口石油的数量减少了20％以上,而且它还成为继杜鲁门总统时期以来首次成为一个精炼石油产品比如汽油的净出口国.全国石油的产量从1976年的960万桶稳步下降到了2008年的的495万桶，然而过去四年来又上涨到了每天近570万桶。 能源部门声称在2020年美国石油日生产量可达到近700万桶. 一些专家认为，最终可能会达到每天1000万桶-这将会使得美国与石油主要生产国沙特阿拉伯平起平坐.


前克林顿ZF能源部部长兼休斯敦前市长比尔·怀特说， 消费趋势的降低加上能源的生产能力的提高具有深远的影响 .“在能源上实现自给自足一直是生产更多能源并且更有效地使用已经枯竭的能源的一场技术上的比赛 ，”他说。 “战胜能源枯竭在过去几十年取得了成功，现在在技术上开始取得领先地位。”

二维码

扫码加我 拉你入群

请注明：姓名-公司-职位

以便审核进群资格，未注明则拒绝

mu_lianzheng
2012-3-24 17:02:14
我很好奇,为什么输入了中文的"XX",再点击回复,显示的总是"ZF",是因为论坛的原因吗?
二维码

扫码加我 拉你入群

请注明：姓名-公司-职位

以便审核进群资格，未注明则拒绝

桶桶nancy
2012-3-24 17:12:44
mu_lianzheng 发表于 2012-3-24 17:02
我很好奇,为什么输入了中文的"XX",再点击回复,显示的总是"ZF",是因为论坛的原因吗?
哈哈 这个还真没有发现  是不是呗和谐了啥~
二维码

扫码加我 拉你入群

请注明：姓名-公司-职位

以便审核进群资格，未注明则拒绝

点击查看更多内容…
相关推荐
栏目导航
热门文章
推荐文章

说点什么

分享

微信QQ空间QQ微博
扫码加好友，拉您进群
各岗位、行业、专业交流群