2014年11月12日，美国、英国和瑞士的金融监管当局分别对外发布消息称，对花旗银行（Citibank N.A.），汇丰银行（HSBC Bank Plc），摩根大通银行（JPMorgan ChaseBank N.A.），苏格兰皇家银行The Royal Bankof Scotland Plc）以及瑞士银行（UBS）操纵汇率的垄断行为处以31亿美元巨额罚款。

值得高度关注的是，我国持有近四万亿美元的外汇储备，那么垄断操纵国际汇率对外汇储备究竟产生了多大的影响？？？相信，这绝对是一个前所未有的天文数字！！！

各家监管机构新闻稿如下：

一、美国CFTC

The U.S.Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) issued five Orders filing andsettling charges against Citibank N.A. (Citibank), HSBC Bankplc (HSBC), JPMorganChase Bank N.A. (JPMorgan), The Royal Bank of Scotland plc (RBS) and UBS AG (UBS)(collectively, the Banks) for attempted manipulation of, and for aiding andabetting other banks’ attempts to manipulate, global foreign exchange (FX)benchmark rates to benefit the positions of certain traders.

The Orders collectively impose over $1.4billion in civil monetary penalties, specifically: $310 million each forCitibank and JPMorgan, $290 million each for RBS and UBS, and $275 million forHSBC.

The Orders also require the Banks to cease anddesist from further violations, and take specified steps to implement andstrengthen their internal controls and procedures, including the supervision oftheir FX traders, to ensure the integrity of their participation in the fixingof foreign exchange benchmark rates and internal and external communications bytraders. The relevant period of conduct varies across the Banks, with conductcommencing for certain banks in 2009, and for each bank, continuing into 2012.

二、英国FCA

The G10 spot FX market is a systemicallyimportant financial market. At the heart of today’s action is our finding thatthe failings at these Banks undermine confidence in theUKfinancial system and put itsintegrity at risk.

In relation to Barclays Bank Plc, we willprogress our investigation into that firm which will cover its G10 spot FXtrading business and also wider FX business areas.

In addition to taking enforcement actionagainst and investigating the six firms where we found the worst misconduct, weare launching an industry-wide remediation programme to ensure firms addressthe root causes of these failings and drive up standards across the market. Wewill require senior management at firms to take responsibility for deliveringthe necessary changes and attest that this work has been completed.

三、瑞士FINMA

The Swiss Financial Market SupervisoryAuthority FINMA has concluded enforcement proceedings against UBS AG (UBS)regarding foreign exchange trading conducted in Switzerland. FINMA found thatover an extended period of time the bank's employees in Zurich at least attempted to manipulateforeign exchange benchmarks. In addition, employees acted against the interestsof their clients. Risk management, controls and compliance in foreign exchangetrading were insufficient. By breaching control requirements and owing to themisconduct of its employees, UBS severely violated the requirements for properbusiness conduct. Alongside the imposition of other corrective measures, FINMAhas ordered UBS to disgorge a total of CHF 134m. It has also initiated enforcement proceedingsagainst eleven persons involved in the case.

In October 2013, FINMA initiated enforcementproceedings against UBS on the grounds of suspected market abuse in foreignexchange trading. An investigator mandated directly by FINMA examined marketconduct at the Foreign Exchange division of the UBS Investment Bank in Zurich, as well asscrutinizing the internal management processes and internal organisation ofcontrols. The ruling of 11 November 2014 issued by FINMA concludes theproceedings.

FINMA investigated three other Swiss banksregarding misconduct in foreign exchange trading. The shortcomings that emergedthere can be remedied by corrective supervisory measures  withoutrequiring enforcement. FINMA's investigations are thus concluded.

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