Do Substitutes for Leadership Really Substitute for Leadership? An Empirical Examination of Kerr and Jermier′s Situational Leadership Model

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Volume 54, Issue 1, February 1993, Pages 1-44



Podsakoff, P., MacKenzie, R., & Bommer, W. (1996).
Transformational leader behaviors and substitutes for leadership as determinants of employee satisfaction, commitment, trust, and organizational citizenship behaviors.
Journal of Management,22, 259–298.