一个经济学佯谬——5元利润从哪里来

（戚华建）

有个张三，借银行贷款100元，利息3元，税收2元，总负债D=105；

张三生产大米105公斤，售出每公斤1元，总销售收入（资产现金）是G=105元。

应该总销售收入（资产现金）G=105元归还银行100元，利息3元，税收2元的总负债D=105；刚好是G-D=0；张三没有利润。但在下面的事实中，张三的总销售收入G=105元归还总负债D=105元后，还留有5元利润，出现了G-D=5，问：

——这5元利润从哪里来？怎样从数学逻辑上找到这5元利润？

具体事实过程是：

设央行里只有100张货币（每张1元）。号码从No:1,No:2,…,No:100.

1、 在时间T1张三向央行（中间省略商行）贷款100张货币，号码是No:1,No:2,…,No:100.同时，张三预付利息3张货币，号码是No:1,No:2,No:3；预缴税收是2张货币，号码为No:4,No:5.（这时央行上缴财政3张货币，No:1,No:2,No:3）

2、 在时间T2，张三生产出105公斤大米。

3、 在时间T3,张三卖出100公斤大米，每公斤1张货币，销售收入100张货币，号码是No:1,No:2,…,No:100.（其中5张是财政购买大米支出，号码是No:1,No:2,No:3；No:4,No:5）

4、 在时间T4,张三购买农具付出5张货币，号码是No:1,No:2,No:3，No:4,No:5;

5、 在时间T5,张三又出售5公斤大米，每公斤1张货币，销售收入5张货币，号码是No:1,No:2,No:3；No:4,No:5.

6、 在时间T6，张三归还央行100张货币，号码为No:1,No:2,…,No:100.

（在时间T6,张三共付央行本利分两次105张货币，张三已没有欠央行贷款）

张三的资产负债表 (简表)                      表1   时间T5

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资产：                                                  负债：

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(大米105公斤销售收入105元，              贷款   100元

5元购买农具）

现金          100元

一架农具         5元                                    利息     3元

 预付利息        3元                                     税收     2元

预付税收         2元

资产合计       110元                                    负债合计   105元

                                                                 （权益）利润  5元

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问题：因为已知在时间T2，张三生只产出105公斤大米，并都是以每公斤1元的价格销售，所以总收入应该是105元，归还贷款100元和利息3元、税收2元，总负债是105元，刚好保本（105-105=0），但在资产负债表上和实际上却多出了5元——利润。

这5元利润从哪里来？

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An economic paradox - - do 5 Yuan profits come from where

BY: HUA JIAN QI

“A Rice Model”

In supposition Central Bank has 100 currencies (each 1 Yuan). Number from No:1, No:2,…, No:100.

1st, (Middle omission Commercial bank) loans 100 currencies in time T1, A to Central Bank, the number is at the same time No:1, No:2,…, No:100., a prepaid interest 3 currencies, the number is No:1, No:2, No:3; prepay  the tax  is 2 currencies, the number is No:4, No:5. (by now Central Bank turning in finance 3 currencies, No:1, No:2, No:3)

2nd, Produces 105 kg rice in time T2, A

3rd, Sells 100 kg rice in time T3, A, each kg 1 currency, the sales revenue 100 currencies, the number is No:1, No:2,…, No:100. (5 are the financial purchase rice disbursements, the number is No:1, No:2, No:3; No:4, No:5)

4th, Pays 5 currencies in the time T4, A purchase farm tool, the number is No:1, No:2, No:3, No:4, No:5;

5th, Sells 5 kg rice in time T5, A, each kg 1 currency, the sales revenue 5 currencies, the number is No:1, No:2, No:3; No:4, No:5.

6th, Returns the Central Bank 100 currencies in time T6, A, the number is No:1, No:2,…, No:100. (altogether pays the Central Bank principal and interest in time T6, A to divide two time 105 currencies, A has not owed Central Bank to loan)

A Accountant Report form (simple list)        Table 1                 Time T5

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Property:                                               Debt:

(actual rice 105 kg sales                   

 revenue 105 Yuan, 5 Yuan

purchase farm tools)

Cash                       100 Yuan                 Loan            100 Yuan

 A farm tool              5 Yuan                    Interest          3 Yuan

 Prepaid interest       3 Yuan                   Tax                2 Yuan

 Prepay tax               2 Yuan                  Debt sum total 105 Yuan

Property sum total    110 Yuan      Rights and interests (profit) 5 Yuan

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In "A Rice Model", we see to three facts:

The fact 1, A divide two times returns the bank loan 105 currencies (in T1 and T6).

The fact 2, A divide two sales revenue 105 currencies (in T3 and T5).

The fact 3, 105 kg rice have exchanged 105 currencies. (in T3 and T5).

Infers 1, (fact 3) 105 rice - (fact 2) 105 currency =0; (rice has exchanged currency completely, therefore in A rice =0, takes away obviously currency burns down, in A is 0).

Infers 2, (fact 2) 105 currencies - (fact 1) 105 currency =0.

According to infers 2, 105 currency - 105 currency =0, in A does not have the profit, but in the reality, in A presented 5 Yuan profits (to see "A Rice Model").

In the logic reasoning, the fact 1,2,3 and infer 1,2 does not have the mistake; A presents this 5 Yuan profits in the reality also not to have the mistake. Obviously, the logic reasoning and the reality should not have the contradiction, therefore logic reasoning's result and the reality result must have a mistake; Who can discover the mistake in where?

(I discovered now that our today's economic possibly had - - the big problem. This question we have not imagined that simply. Perhaps this question, to our intelligence is a challenge)

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-4-13 11:08:49编辑过]