谢谢大神指点思路，我自己用了你说的第一种方法，但是还是想学习一下数组的运用，正好你解决了我的疑惑，再次感谢

基于每一行只可能有一个值为1原则;
data a;
input study_ID A01ab A02ab A03ab A04ab B01ab B02ab;
cards;
1 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 1 0
2 1 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 1 0 0 0 0
;
run;

proc sql noprint;
        create table b as
        select study_ID,sum(A01ab) as A01ab,sum(A02ab) as A02ab,sum(A03ab) as A03ab,sum(A04ab) as A04ab,sum(B01ab) as B01ab,sum(B02ab) as B02ab
        from a
        group by study_ID;
run;

data a;
input study_ID $ A01ab A02ab A03ab A04ab B01ab B02ab;
cards;
1 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 1 0
2 1 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 1 0 0 0 0
;
run;

proc sort data=a;
        by study_id;
run;

data b;
        set a;
        by study_id;
        array var A01ab A02ab A03ab A04ab B01ab B02ab;
        array _t{6};
        retain _t1-_t6;
        do i=1 to 6;
                if first.study_id then _t[i]=0;
                if var[i]=1 then _t[i]=1;
                if last.study_id then do;
                        var[i]=_t[i];
                end;
        end;
        if last.study_id;
        drop _t: i;
run;