摘要翻译：
大多数现实生活系统都具有随机成分：影响它们的内生和外生因素众多，导致决定它们动力学的参数随机波动。这些经验系统在许多情况下受到乘法性质的噪音的影响。相乘噪声相对于加性噪声的特殊性质已经引起了人们的注意。尽管表面上和形式上，自由加性随机游动与乘性随机游动之间的区别仅仅在于从正态分布向对数正态分布的移动，但在实践中，其含义要深远得多。在加法语境中，合作的产生和生存需要特殊的条件（尤其是一定程度的奖励、惩罚、互惠），而在乘法随机语境中，合作的产生要自然和有效得多。我们研究了这一观察的各种含义及其在各种背景下的应用。
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英文标题：
《Cooperation Evolution in Random Multiplicative Environments》
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作者：
Gur Yaari and Sorin Solomon
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最新提交年份：
2010
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：General Finance        一般财务
分类描述：Development of general quantitative methodologies with applications in finance
通用定量方法的发展及其在金融中的应用
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Biological Physics        生物物理学
分类描述：Molecular biophysics, cellular biophysics, neurological biophysics, membrane biophysics, single-molecule biophysics, ecological biophysics, quantum phenomena in biological systems (quantum biophysics), theoretical biophysics, molecular dynamics/modeling and simulation, game theory, biomechanics, bioinformatics, microorganisms, virology, evolution, biophysical methods.
分子生物物理、细胞生物物理、神经生物物理、膜生物物理、单分子生物物理、生态生物物理、生物系统中的量子现象（量子生物物理）、理论生物物理、分子动力学/建模与模拟、博弈论、生物力学、生物信息学、微生物、病毒学、进化论、生物物理方法。
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society        物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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英文摘要：
  Most real life systems have a random component: the multitude of endogenous and exogenous factors influencing them result in stochastic fluctuations of the parameters determining their dynamics. These empirical systems are in many cases subject to noise of multiplicative nature. The special properties of multiplicative noise as opposed to additive noise have been noticed for a long while. Even though apparently and formally the difference between free additive vs. multiplicative random walks consists in just a move from normal to log-normal distributions, in practice the implications are much more far reaching. While in an additive context the emergence and survival of cooperation requires special conditions (especially some level of reward, punishment, reciprocity), we find that in the multiplicative random context the emergence of cooperation is much more natural and effective. We study the various implications of this observation and its applications in various contexts.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/0807.1823