摘要翻译：
胚胎发生是生物体形成和发展的过程，长期以来一直是自然科学研究的一个主要领域。胚胎细胞和组织通过哪种方式，哪种力量，被组装、变形，并最终组织成一个动物？由于胚胎发生深刻地质疑我们对生命机制的理解，它在历史进程中激发了许多科学理论和哲学。虽然遗传学现在似乎已经成为研究胚胎发生的自然背景，但很久以前人们就直觉地认为，它也应该依赖于机械力以及细胞和组织的物理特性。20世纪初，Stephane Leduc提出生物学只是流体物理学的一个子集，并认为生物学应该关注力如何作用于生命物质。他拒绝生命论和针对生命的方法，设计了基于渗透和扩散的幼稚实验，以模拟生命系统中发现的形状和现象，以确定支持胚胎发育的物理机制。虽然勒杜克的思想在这个领域产生了一些影响，特别是对后来广受好评的达西·汤普森，但它们在20世纪后期被遗忘了。在这篇文章中，我给出了Stephane Leduc对生命的物理方法的概述，并表明他引入的范式，尽管长期被抛弃，今天变得越来越受关注，因为发育生物学越来越多地转向物理学和自组织理论来研究胚胎发生的机制。我认为，他的故事证明了我们不愿意放弃生物学中针对生命的方法。
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英文标题：
《Stephane Leduc and the vital exception in the Life Sciences》
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作者：
Raphael Clement
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最新提交年份：
2016
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Biology        数量生物学
二级分类：Other Quantitative Biology        其他定量生物学
分类描述：Work in quantitative biology that does not fit into the other q-bio classifications
不适合其他q-bio分类的定量生物学工作
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Biological Physics        生物物理学
分类描述：Molecular biophysics, cellular biophysics, neurological biophysics, membrane biophysics, single-molecule biophysics, ecological biophysics, quantum phenomena in biological systems (quantum biophysics), theoretical biophysics, molecular dynamics/modeling and simulation, game theory, biomechanics, bioinformatics, microorganisms, virology, evolution, biophysical methods.
分子生物物理、细胞生物物理、神经生物物理、膜生物物理、单分子生物物理、生态生物物理、生物系统中的量子现象（量子生物物理）、理论生物物理、分子动力学/建模与模拟、博弈论、生物力学、生物信息学、微生物、病毒学、进化论、生物物理方法。
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英文摘要：
  Embryogenesis, the process by which an organism forms and develops, has long been and still is a major field of investigation in the natural sciences. By which means, which forces, are embryonic cells and tissues assembled, deformed, and eventually organized into an animal? Because embryogenesis deeply questions our understanding of the mechanisms of life, it has motivated many scientific theories and philosophies over the course of history. While genetics now seems to have emerged as a natural background to study embryogenesis, it was intuited long ago that it should also rely on mechanical forces and on the physical properties of cells and tissues. In the early 20th century, Stephane Leduc proposed that biology was merely a subset of fluid physics, and argued that biology should focus on how forces act on living matter. Rejecting vitalism and life-specific approaches, he designed naive experiments based on osmosis and diffusion to mimic shapes and phenomena found in living systems, in order to identify physical mechanisms that could support the development of the embryo. While Leduc's ideas then had some impact in the field, notably on later acclaimed D'Arcy Thompson, they fell into oblivion during the later 20th century. In this article I give an overview of Stephane Leduc's physical approach to life, and show that the paradigm that he introduced, although long forsaken, becomes more and more topical today, as developmental biology increasingly turns to physics and self-organization theories to study the mechanisms of embryogenesis. His story, I suggest, bears witness to our reluctance to abandon life-specific approaches in biology.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1512.03660