[原创]我期末考试的答辩研究报告

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收藏 2007-12-12

I.&nbsp; Define the terms below.&nbsp; Give a specific examples of each from your own work. &nbsp;If it is an applied technique, specify how and where you applied it in one of your readings (20 points each ?Section total 280 points.)1.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subtext&nbsp; is the implicit meaning or theme of a literary text. Or the underlying personality of a dramatic character as implied or indicated by a script or text and interpreted by an actor in performance. When I show some piece, if I try to express more than the word itself, that is subtext.&nbsp;2.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Muscularity &nbsp;this word refers both to the weight and shape of a word in one's mouth, with particular emphasis on the musculature employed to properly pronounce the word. Muscularity also refers to internal activity arising from the emotional&nbsp;state&nbsp;that gives rise to the need for the word.&nbsp; This internal activity is not physical, but it moves in much the same way.&nbsp; Think of how quickly your thoughts seem to churn in some situations.&nbsp; Think of those time we agonize over a decision that must be made fairly quickly.Muscularity is both the muscular/physical energy required to properly articulate a word and the emotional energy transmitted through the phonemes of the word. I consider work with muscularity to be "character development from the outside in." One can learn about the psychological make-up and thoughts of a character through the sound of the words chosen.&nbsp;3.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Visualization when I read a poem, I will think about the image in my mind, the different pictures show what the poem describe. It seems that the objects around myself. More realistic. 4.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fourth Wall Focus We often use
movement when we read prose or some poems. It is hard to me define this focus, it just a movement, I can do it when I have performance. My eyes look fourth wall of the hall. Not stare at the audience. It can let me more concentrated; pay more attention on my piece.5.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Off-stage focus that is a basic movement when I on the stage reading some poems. I may eye contact with the audience, or stare at different row of chairs. At that time, my focus is not on the stage, because I pay more attention thinking the words from the prose, imagine the world by author describe. So the off-stage focus can reflect my feeling. 6.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;On-stage focus that is also a movement when I have the performance, when I read the children’s literature ”There is a boy in the girl’s bathroom”, I supposed myself is the Bradley Chalkers and Jeff, I did what the roles did. The different actors have different character, so I will pay more attention on stage focus. Let the performance more interesting.&nbsp; &nbsp;7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Visualization when I read a poem, I will think about the image in my mind, the different pictures show what the poem describe. It seems that the objects around myself. More realistic. 8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sense memory we have 5 senses, what we see, hear, taste, touch, and smell before became our memory, when we on the stage show some feelings we may had already experience before, Something I have perceived in the past can be applied to&nbsp;similar moments and experiences in literature.&nbsp; It is "sense memory."&nbsp;9.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Metaphor is a literary comparison of two unrelated things, when the poem describe meaning of life, It use "a walking shadow" or "a tale told by an idiot" but the comparison serves to describe life as rather meaningless and empty. So that is metaphor. 10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Alliteration&nbsp; The repetition of the same consonant sounds or of different vowel sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables, as in“on scrolls of silver snowy sentences”(Hart Crane)&nbsp;11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Imagery is any series of words that create a picture, or sensory experience in you head. Such images can be created by using <a title="Figure of speech" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_of_speech">figures of speech</a> such as <a title="Simile" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simile">similes</a>, <a title="Metaphor" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphor">metaphors</a>, <a title="Personification" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personification">personification</a>, and <a title="Assonance" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assonance">assonance</a>. Imagery helps the reader imagine the sensations described as they are related through the language of the author. &nbsp;12.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Body language When I in the public place, I can not hear what other people said, but I can see their body language, from physical behavior -- gesture, posture, facial expression, rate of speech, intensity in conversation, eye contact between them. I can guess what they are talking about, the relationship between the people. So body language is a very important style in the conversation.13.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Exposition The part of a play that provides the background information needed to understand the characters and the action. Such as when I will read the poem “our inner universe”, I need to introduce the author, the brief meaning of this poem. Why I chose this poem that relate with my theme. So what I said before is the exposition. That is my understanding.14.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Rate/Change of Rate rate is a quantity measured with respect to another measured quantity: when I need to change of rate, shows different speed of my reading. When the characters worry about something or so angry, I must read the words more fast and powerful. When the characters feel sad or compunctious. I need to read slowly and quietly. So that is change of rate.&nbsp;&nbsp;Choose five of the ten words below to define.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (10 points each ?section total 50 points).1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Prose&nbsp;&nbsp; the prose is Ordinary speech or writing, without metrical structure. Prose writing is usually adopted for the description of facts or the discussions of whatever one’s thoughts are, incorporated in free flowing speech. So I can often see prose from the newspaper, notes, magazines, encyclopedias and so on.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Documentary literature &nbsp;that is a work, such as a film or television program, presenting political, social, or historical subject matter in a factual and informative manner and often consisting of actual news films or interviews accompanied by narration. I chose the documentary literature “The Christmas tree under the porch” is from the website “The story crop”. That piece is written during the world war 2, so that is documentary literature.3.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Poetry&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The most compressed, or highly condensed, form of literature. It relies on word choice, word order, and literary devices (figures of speech) to impart maximum depth and meaning to the reader or listener. Poetry can evoke both intellectual and emotional responses.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Plot5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Articulation6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Onomatopoeia7.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Rhythm the identifiable repetition of stressed vs. non-stressed words, phrases or syllables in words in a speaker's delivery. This concept is from
<a title="Linguistics" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics">linguistics</a>. A <a title="Rhythmic unit" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythmic_unit">rhythmic unit</a> is a <a title="Durational pattern" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durational_pattern">durational pattern</a> which occupies a period of time equivalent to a <a title="Pulse (music)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_%28music%29">pulse</a> or pulses on an underlying <a title="Metric level" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_level">metric level</a>, as opposed to a <a title="Rhythmic gesture" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythmic_gesture">rhythmic gesture</a> which does not (DeLone et al. (Eds.), 1975, chap. 3).8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Projection9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resonance&nbsp; the reinforcement of a sound by non-source, it relate to note’s pitch, low sounds resonate from the chest and pharynx. It should care more about over-tones and balance. Each vowel resonates at its own pitch, a vowel is an open, unobstructed sound.&nbsp;10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Volume how loudly someone is speaking.&nbsp; Fullness.II.&nbsp; Short Answer:&nbsp;&nbsp; Please provide short (minimum 75 words) answers to the following 7 questions.&nbsp;(60 points each, Section total 420 points.) 1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; How is the human voice produced? Beginning with the need to speak, describe the role of the breath, the vocal folds, the larynx, and the body in producing the human sound. In your answer, address how the sound of the voice is transformed into speech and define “vowel” and “consonant” and describe how vowels and consonants are produced. &nbsp; The human voice produced from following steps, first lungs create air pressure, and than the vocal folds in the larynx vibrate creating sound waves. Resonance through our body. At last, our nose and mouth radiate sound into the environment. we need breath when we are talking, and&nbsp; The Larynx is capable of making rapid and subtle adjustments to produce The Note at a wide range of pitch and loudness. The sound produced by the larynx is the note. A "vowel" is defined as "an open, unobstructed sound." It is upon the vowel that we, breath, resonate, and project. A consonant is a
<a title="Sound" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound">sound</a> in spoken <a title="Language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language">language</a> that is characterized by complete or partial closure of the upper <a title="Vocal tract" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_tract">vocal tract</a>, the upper vocal tract being defined as that part of the vocal tract that lies above the <a title="Larynx" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larynx">larynx</a>. The consonants is produced by the teeth, the lips, the areas of the tongue , the hard palate, and the soft palate. &nbsp; 2. What is stage fright? How does it manifest physiologically? Why does it occur? Describe the symptoms of stage fright and discuss how a speaker or performer can make stage fright work in his favor in a performance situation. &nbsp;&nbsp;"Stage Fright" is nervousness when we have performance, everybody will have that feelings, just different levels. Failure to Breathe, more stress, and our voice slow down.&nbsp; These entire situations happened because of nervous. The most common thing is when we on the stage forgot the words we should say. How to get rid of it? In&nbsp; my opinion,&nbsp; slow down when we face the difficult sentence, breathe and breathe, do not care much about the mistakes, just keep go on. After that, the natural performance is the best performance. 3. How is ensemble interpretation of literature different from a solo performance? What choices must the group address and agree upon? How does the interpretation of children’s literature for young children differ from the interpretation of other genres for older audiences? &nbsp; &nbsp;Ensemble Interpretation is interpretation of a piece of literature by some people, it is a team work. Everyone knows key point, the timing, volume, rate, and tone of the piece. It cares more about Out-front Focus, or Indirect Interaction, Onstage Focus, Action, Movement, and Physical Arrangement. Body position, Head levels. One actor changes his position, the others should follow change their style. When my team read the “Jabberwocky”, our group chose a theme, that is about a old man in the forest. And than assign parts, I read the fifth paragraph, because that is describing a movement. Different classmates show different feelings. Our groups focus on fourth wall.Children’s literature is more lively, when we told a story to young children, more imagination, describe a picture will be more fantastic. A lot of repetition so that children can pay more attention on what we said. I need to have more facial expression and movement when I am reading a story. 4. What are the unique considerations the interpreter must make in the performance of documentary literature? You answer should include the interpreter’s responsibility to the original speaker or writer of the material as well as issues regarding and the original audience and historical context. How is this different from the interpretation of other types of literature? The interpreter’s goal is to: 1)&nbsp;Understand the selection 2)&nbsp;sharing the experience with the children. 3) Enter the literature, process it, and make it vivid and alive. Focus on specific emotions and feelings and experiences. Transfer these feelings and experiences to the audience. Make the characters believable no matter how fantastic they are.
Imagine I am the characters.&nbsp; And I must distinguish the various characters from one another.1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Use specific mannerisms.2.&nbsp;Use broad facial expressions 3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vary the pitch, rate, and style of your voice.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; That is the unique considerations the interpreter must make in the performance of doc. Literature. Specifically, the piece I chose “the Christmas tree under the porch”, it happened in World War 2, and the old man wrote the article. So when I read this piece, it shouldn’t be taken out of its historical context. My audience becomes the original audience for purpose of an article. &nbsp;&nbsp; There is much more latitude with fiction.&nbsp; We still must choose a thesis for the interpretation of fiction that is not contrary to the author's intent, but we have some latitude to offer a particular piece as an example of intolerance, respect, social interaction, and group dynamics -- without offending the author's sensibilities. &nbsp; 5. How does an individual communicate through oral interpretation of literature, rather than simply celebrate the written word? How does the premise of communication affect one’s reading?