384 pages
Series: The Princeton Economic History of the Western World
Publisher: Princeton University Press (February 23, 2014)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0691162549
ISBN-13: 978-0691162546
英文介绍:
How much of our fate is tied to the status of our parents and grandparents? How much does this influence our children? More than we wish to believe. While it has been argued that rigid class structures have eroded in favor of greater social equality, The Son Also Rises proves that movement on the social ladder has changed little over eight centuries. Using a novel technique--tracking family names over generations to measure social mobility across countries and periods--renowned economic historian Gregory Clark reveals that mobility rates are lower than conventionally estimated, do not vary across societies, and are resistant to social policies. The good news is that these patterns are driven by strong inheritance of abilities and lineage does not beget unwarranted advantage. The bad news is that much of our fate is predictable from lineage. Clark argues that since a greater part of our place in the world is predetermined, we must avoid creating winner-take-all societies.
Clark examines and compares surnames in such diverse cases as modern Sweden, fourteenth-century England, and Qing Dynasty China. He demonstrates how fate is determined by ancestry and that almost all societies--as different as the modern United States, Communist China, and modern Japan--have similarly low social mobility rates. These figures are impervious to institutions, and it takes hundreds of years for descendants to shake off the advantages and disadvantages of their ancestors. For these reasons, Clark contends that societies should act to limit the disparities in rewards between those of high and low social rank.
Challenging popular assumptions about mobility and revealing the deeply entrenched force of inherited advantage, The Son Also Rises is sure to prompt intense debate for years to come.
中文推荐:
济观察报 吕品/文 《路易斯》(Lewis)是一部我很喜欢的英国侦探剧,以两位牛津警探为主角,案件经常发生在牛津大学校园内。最近在看其中一集时,我注意到一位演员的姓是布鲁德內尔—布鲁斯(Brudenell-Bruce)。这个姓比较少见,而且还是中间以短划线连起来的双姓,在英国,有时候双姓代表这是一个贵族姓,因为在19世纪之前,双姓的产生往往是因为某人继承了两个家族的头衔和领地,因为这个原因改姓是需要皇家御准的。当然今天在英国改个名字很容易,所以许多新出现的双姓和社会地位没什么关系。过后我查了一下,果然这位演员是艾尔斯伯里侯爵(Marquess of Ailesbury)和卡迪根伯爵(Earl of Cardigan)的后代,这个双姓是在1767年由英皇御准的。