摘要翻译：
超声定位显微技术通过对单个超声造影剂（微泡）在众多成像框架中的精确定位实现了超分辨率血管成像。然而，在微泡点扩展响应之间有明显重叠的高密度区域的分析产生了很高的定位误差，限制了该技术在低浓度条件下的应用。因此，需要长的采集时间来充分覆盖血管床。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种快速而精确的方法来从高密度超声造影成像数据中获得超分辨率血管图像。这种方法，我们称之为深度超声定位显微镜（Deep-ULM），利用现代深度学习策略，采用卷积神经网络在密集场景下进行定位显微镜检查。这种端到端的全卷积神经网络结构利用在线合成数据进行有效训练，使得在多种成像条件下能够在体内进行鲁棒的推理。我们展示了深度学习在具有挑战性的造影剂密度下获得超分辨率，无论是在硅胶中还是在体内。Deep-ULM适用于实时应用，在标准PC上每秒分辨率约70个高分辨率补丁(128x128像素）。利用GPU计算，这个数字增加到每秒1250个补丁。
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英文标题：
《Super-resolution Ultrasound Localization Microscopy through Deep
  Learning》
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作者：
Ruud J.G. van Sloun, Oren Solomon, Matthew Bruce, Zin Z. Khaing,
  Hessel Wijkstra, Yonina C. Eldar, Massimo Mischi
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最新提交年份：
2018
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分类信息：

一级分类：Electrical Engineering and Systems Science        电气工程与系统科学
二级分类：Signal Processing        信号处理
分类描述：Theory, algorithms, performance analysis and applications of signal and data analysis, including physical modeling, processing, detection and parameter estimation, learning, mining, retrieval, and information extraction. The term "signal" includes speech, audio, sonar, radar, geophysical, physiological, (bio-) medical, image, video, and multimodal natural and man-made signals, including communication signals and data. Topics of interest include: statistical signal processing, spectral estimation and system identification; filter design, adaptive filtering / stochastic learning; (compressive) sampling, sensing, and transform-domain methods including fast algorithms; signal processing for machine learning and machine learning for signal processing applications; in-network and graph signal processing; convex and nonconvex optimization methods for signal processing applications; radar, sonar, and sensor array beamforming and direction finding; communications signal processing; low power, multi-core and system-on-chip signal processing; sensing, communication, analysis and optimization for cyber-physical systems such as power grids and the Internet of Things.
信号和数据分析的理论、算法、性能分析和应用，包括物理建模、处理、检测和参数估计、学习、挖掘、检索和信息提取。“信号”一词包括语音、音频、声纳、雷达、地球物理、生理、（生物）医学、图像、视频和多模态自然和人为信号，包括通信信号和数据。感兴趣的主题包括：统计信号处理、谱估计和系统辨识；滤波器设计；自适应滤波/随机学习；（压缩）采样、传感和变换域方法，包括快速算法；用于机器学习的信号处理和用于信号处理应用的机器学习；网络与图形信号处理；信号处理中的凸和非凸优化方法；雷达、声纳和传感器阵列波束形成和测向；通信信号处理；低功耗、多核、片上系统信号处理；信息物理系统的传感、通信、分析和优化，如电网和物联网。
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一级分类：Computer Science        计算机科学
二级分类：Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition        计算机视觉与模式识别
分类描述：Covers image processing, computer vision, pattern recognition, and scene understanding. Roughly includes material in ACM Subject Classes I.2.10, I.4, and I.5.
涵盖图像处理、计算机视觉、模式识别和场景理解。大致包括ACM课程I.2.10、I.4和I.5中的材料。
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一级分类：Electrical Engineering and Systems Science        电气工程与系统科学
二级分类：Image and Video Processing        图像和视频处理
分类描述：Theory, algorithms, and architectures for the formation, capture, processing, communication, analysis, and display of images, video, and multidimensional signals in a wide variety of applications. Topics of interest include: mathematical, statistical, and perceptual image and video modeling and representation; linear and nonlinear filtering, de-blurring, enhancement, restoration, and reconstruction from degraded, low-resolution or tomographic data; lossless and lossy compression and coding; segmentation, alignment, and recognition; image rendering, visualization, and printing; computational imaging, including ultrasound, tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging; and image and video analysis, synthesis, storage, search and retrieval.
用于图像、视频和多维信号的形成、捕获、处理、通信、分析和显示的理论、算法和体系结构。感兴趣的主题包括：数学，统计，和感知图像和视频建模和表示；线性和非线性滤波、去模糊、增强、恢复和重建退化、低分辨率或层析数据；无损和有损压缩编码；分割、对齐和识别；图像渲染、可视化和打印；计算成像，包括超声、断层和磁共振成像；以及图像和视频的分析、合成、存储、搜索和检索。
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英文摘要：
  Ultrasound localization microscopy has enabled super-resolution vascular imaging through precise localization of individual ultrasound contrast agents (microbubbles) across numerous imaging frames. However, analysis of high-density regions with significant overlaps among the microbubble point spread responses yields high localization errors, constraining the technique to low-concentration conditions. As such, long acquisition times are required to sufficiently cover the vascular bed. In this work, we present a fast and precise method for obtaining super-resolution vascular images from high-density contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging data. This method, which we term Deep Ultrasound Localization Microscopy (Deep-ULM), exploits modern deep learning strategies and employs a convolutional neural network to perform localization microscopy in dense scenarios. This end-to-end fully convolutional neural network architecture is trained effectively using on-line synthesized data, enabling robust inference in-vivo under a wide variety of imaging conditions. We show that deep learning attains super-resolution with challenging contrast-agent densities, both in-silico as well as in-vivo. Deep-ULM is suitable for real-time applications, resolving about 70 high-resolution patches (128x128 pixels) per second on a standard PC. Exploiting GPU computation, this number increases to 1250 patches per second.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.07661