英文标题：
《Diversity waves in collapse-driven population dynamics》
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作者：
Sergei Maslov and Kim Sneppen
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最新提交年份：
2015
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英文摘要：
  Populations of species in ecosystems are often constrained by availability of resources within their environment. In effect this means that a growth of one population, needs to be balanced by comparable reduction in populations of others. In neutral models of biodiversity all populations are assumed to change incrementally due to stochastic births and deaths of individuals. Here we propose and model another redistribution mechanism driven by abrupt and severe collapses of the entire population of a single species freeing up resources for the remaining ones. This mechanism may be relevant e.g. for communities of bacteria, with strain-specific collapses caused e.g. by invading bacteriophages, or for other ecosystems where infectious diseases play an important role.   The emergent dynamics of our system is cyclic \"diversity waves\" triggered by collapses of globally dominating populations. The population diversity peaks at the beginning of each wave and exponentially decreases afterwards. Species abundances are characterized by a bimodal time-aggregated distribution with the lower peak formed by populations of recently collapsed or newly introduced species, while the upper peak - species that has not yet collapsed in the current wave. In most waves both upper and lower peaks are composed of several smaller peaks. This self-organized hierarchical peak structure has a long-term memory transmitted across several waves. It gives rise to a scale-free tail of the time-aggregated population distribution with a universal exponent of 1.7. We show that diversity wave dynamics is robust with respect to variations in the rules of our model such as diffusion between multiple environments, species-specific growth and extinction rates, and bet-hedging strategies.
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中文摘要：
生态系统中的物种数量往往受到其环境中资源可用性的限制。实际上，这意味着一个人口的增长需要通过其他人口的相应减少来平衡。在生物多样性的中性模型中，假设由于个体的随机出生和死亡，所有种群都会发生增量变化。在这里，我们提出并模拟了另一种再分配机制，这种机制是由单个物种的整个种群的突然和严重崩溃所驱动的，为剩余物种释放资源。这一机制可能与细菌群落有关，例如由噬菌体入侵引起的菌株特异性崩塌，或与传染病起重要作用的其他生态系统有关。我们系统的涌现动力学是由全球主导种群崩溃引发的周期性“多样性波”。种群多样性在每波开始时达到峰值，之后呈指数下降。物种丰度以双峰时间聚集分布为特征，较低的峰值由最近崩溃或新引入物种的种群形成，而较高的峰值——在当前波中尚未崩溃的物种。在大多数波浪中，上下波峰都由几个较小的波峰组成。这种自组织的层次峰结构具有跨多个波传输的长期记忆。它产生了一个无标度的时间聚集人口分布尾部，其普适指数为1.7。我们表明，多样性波动力学对于我们模型规则的变化是稳健的，例如多个环境之间的扩散、物种特有的增长和灭绝率，以及赌注对冲策略。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Biology        数量生物学
二级分类：Populations and Evolution        种群与进化
分类描述：Population dynamics, spatio-temporal and epidemiological models, dynamic speciation, co-evolution, biodiversity, foodwebs, aging; molecular evolution and phylogeny; directed evolution; origin of life
种群动力学；时空和流行病学模型；动态物种形成；协同进化；生物多样性；食物网；老龄化；分子进化和系统发育；定向进化；生命起源
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems        自适应和自组织系统
分类描述：Adaptation, self-organizing systems, statistical physics, fluctuating systems, stochastic processes, interacting particle systems, machine learning
自适应，自组织系统，统计物理，波动系统，随机过程，相互作用粒子系统，机器学习
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society        物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：Economics        经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：General Finance        一般财务
分类描述：Development of general quantitative methodologies with applications in finance
通用定量方法的发展及其在金融中的应用
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