英文标题：
《Structure of global buyer-supplier networks and its implications for
  conflict minerals regulations》
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作者：
Takayuki Mizuno, Takaaki Ohnishi and Tsutomu Watanabe
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最新提交年份：
2015
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英文摘要：
  We investigate the structure of global inter-firm linkages using a dataset that contains information on business partners for about 400,000 firms worldwide, including all the firms listed on the major stock exchanges. Among the firms, we examine three networks, which are based on customer-supplier, licensee-licensor, and strategic alliance relationships. First, we show that these networks all have scale-free topology and that the degree distribution for each follows a power law with an exponent of 1.5. The shortest path length is around six for all three networks. Second, we show through community structure analysis that the firms comprise a community with those firms that belong to the same industry but different home countries, indicating the globalization of firms\' production activities. Finally, we discuss what such production globalization implies for the proliferation of conflict minerals (i.e., minerals extracted from conflict zones and sold to firms in other countries to perpetuate fighting) through global buyer-supplier linkages. We show that a limited number of firms belonging to some specific industries and countries plays an important role in the global proliferation of conflict minerals. Our numerical simulation shows that regulations on the purchases of conflict minerals by those firms would substantially reduce their worldwide use.
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中文摘要：
我们使用一个数据集调查全球企业间联系的结构，该数据集包含全球约40万家企业的商业伙伴信息，包括在主要证券交易所上市的所有企业。在这些公司中，我们考察了三个网络，它们基于客户-供应商、许可证持有者-许可证持有者和战略联盟关系。首先，我们证明了这些网络都具有无标度拓扑，并且每个网络的度分布都遵循指数为1.5的幂律。这三个网络的最短路径长度都在六条左右。其次，我们通过社区结构分析表明，企业与那些属于同一行业但不同母国的企业构成了一个社区，这表明企业生产活动的全球化。最后，我们讨论了这种生产全球化对冲突矿产（即从冲突地区开采并出售给其他国家的公司以维持战斗的矿产）通过全球买家-供应商联系的扩散意味着什么。我们表明，属于某些特定行业和国家的有限公司在冲突矿产的全球扩散中发挥着重要作用。我们的数值模拟表明，对这些公司购买冲突矿产的监管将大大减少它们在全球的使用。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society        物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：General Finance        一般财务
分类描述：Development of general quantitative methodologies with applications in finance
通用定量方法的发展及其在金融中的应用
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