英文标题：
《An Insurance-Led Response to Climate Change》
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作者：
Anthony J. Webster and Richard H. Clarke
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最新提交年份：
2017
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英文摘要：
  Climate change is widely expected to increase weather related damage and the insurance claims that result from it. This will increase insurance premiums, in a way that is independent of a customer\'s contribution to the causes of climate change. Insurance provides a financial mechanism that mitigates some of the consequences of climate change, allowing damage from increasingly frequent events to be repaired. We observe that the insurance industry could reclaim any increase in claims due to climate change, by increasing the insurance premiums on energy producers for example, without needing government intervention or a new tax. We argue that this insurance-led levy must acknowledge both present carbon emissions and a modern industry\'s carbon inheritance, that is, to recognise that fossil-fuel driven industrial growth has provided the innovations and conditions needed for modern civilisation to exist and develop. A tax or levy on energy production is one mechanism that would recognise carbon inheritance through the increased (energy) costs for manufacturing and using modern technology, and can also provide an incentive to minimise carbon emissions, through higher costs for the most polluting industries. The necessary increases in insurance premiums would initially be small, and will require an event attribution (EA) methodology to determine their size. We propose that the levies can be phased in as the science of event attribution becomes sufficiently robust for each claim type, to ultimately provide a global insurance-led response to climate change.
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中文摘要：
人们普遍预计，气候变化将增加与天气有关的损害以及由此产生的保险索赔。这将增加保险费，其方式与客户对气候变化原因的贡献无关。保险提供了一种金融机制，可以减轻气候变化的一些后果，让日益频繁的事件造成的损害得以修复。我们观察到，保险业可以通过增加能源生产商的保险费等方式收回因气候变化而增加的索赔，而无需政府干预或新的税收。我们认为，这种以保险为主导的征税必须承认当前的碳排放和现代工业的碳继承，也就是说，承认化石燃料驱动的工业增长为现代文明的存在和发展提供了必要的创新和条件。对能源生产征税是一种机制，通过增加制造和使用现代技术的（能源）成本来确认碳继承，也可以通过提高污染最严重的行业的成本来激励减少碳排放。保险费的必要增加最初是很小的，需要采用事件归因（EA）方法来确定其规模。我们建议，随着事件归因科学对每种索赔类型变得足够强大，征税可以分阶段进行，以最终提供全球保险主导的气候变化应对措施。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society        物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：General Finance        一般财务
分类描述：Development of general quantitative methodologies with applications in finance
通用定量方法的发展及其在金融中的应用
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