公案是这样的。话说16世纪中叶的英国,伊丽莎白女皇当政。她有一位顾问,就是Sir Thomas Gresham(葛氏)。这位爵爷察觉到,市场上那些重量不足的贵金属货币在流通,但“足金”的货币却被收藏、溶化成金属块、甚至被转运出口。葛氏据此向伊丽莎白建言,据说因此才有了1560年英皇关于反对银币成色不足的公告。约300年后,英国经济学家麦克劳德(MacLeod)著书立说(《政治经济学基础》,1858年版),白纸黑字写下“劣币驱逐良币”(Bad money drives good money out of circulation),并命之为“葛氏定律”(Gresham’s Law)。从此,“葛氏定律”大行其道。
Gresham's law, named after Sir Thomas Gresham, who was a financial agent of the English Crown in the 16th century, states that overvalued money drives undervalued money out of circulation: "bad money drives out good" for short.
More accurately, the law should state something along the lines of "government-enforced parities that alter the market value of money have the effect that overvalued money drives out undervalued money."
Because in a free market those products and goods that are of higher value stick around longer than low-quality products, Gresham's law only applies when government monetary intervention is present.