1. 对于随机向量来说其方差—协方差矩阵就等于它的方差啊? If X is a matrix, Var(X)=COV-VAR(X)=COV(X). Just different notations.
2. As c是(k+1)xn阶非随机变量矩阵 u是n维列向量, cu will be a (k+1)*1 matrix and Var(cu)=c Var(u) Transpose(c), (k+1)*(k+1)
3. Assume that 每个元素服从N(0,a方)分布,a为不变常数. Var(cu)=c diag(a^2) Transpose(c)