英文版的这段话如下,供大家比较:
But not to anticipate, we will content ourselves with yet another example relating to the commodity-form. Could commodities themselves speak, they would say: Our use-value may be a thing that interests men. It is no part of us as objects. What, however, does belong to us as objects, is our value. Our natural intercourse as commodities proves it. In the eyes of each other we are nothing but exchange-values. Now listen how those commodities speak through the mouth of the economist. "Value" — (
i.e., exchange-value) "is a property of things, riches" — (
i.e., use-value) "of man. Value, in this sense, necessarily implies exchanges, riches do not." "Riches" (use-value) "are the attribute of men, value is the attribute of commodities. A man or a community is rich, a pearl or a diamond is valuable... A pearl or a diamond is valuable" as a pearl or a diamond.
So far no chemist has ever discovered exchange-value either in a pearl or a diamond. The economic discoverers of this chemical element, who by-the-by lay special claim to critical acumen, find however that the use-value of objects belongs to them independently of their material properties, while their value, on the other hand, forms a part of them as objects. What confirms them in this view, is the peculiar circumstance that the use-value of objects is realised without exchange, by means of a direct relation between the objects and man, while, on the other hand, their value is realised only by exchange, that is, by means of a social process. Who fails here to call to mind our good friend, Dogberry, who informs neighbour Seacoal, that, "To be a well-favoured man is the gift of fortune; but reading and writing comes by Nature."
汉译本本段如下:
为了不致涉及以后的问题,这里仅仅再举一个关于商品形式本身的例子。假如商品能说话,它们会说:我们的使用价值也许使人们感到兴趣。作为物,我们没有使用价值。作为物,我们具有的是我们的价值。我们自己作为商品物进行的交易就证明了这一点。我们彼此只是作为交换价值发生关系。
现在,让我们听听经济学家是怎样说出商品内心的话的:“价值〈交换价值〉是物的属性,财富〈使用价值〉是人的属性。从这个意义上说,价值必然包含交换,财富则不然。”(34)“财富〈使用价值〉是人的属性,价值是商品的属性。人或共同体是富的;珍珠或金刚石是有价值的……珍珠或金刚石作为珍珠或金刚石是有价值的。”(35)
直到现在,还没有一个化学家在珍珠或金刚石中发现交换价值。可是那些自命有深刻的批判力、发现了这种化学物质的经济学家,却发现物的使用价值同它们的物质属性无关,而它们的价值倒是它们作为物所具有的。在这里为他们作证的是这样一种奇怪的情况:物的使用价值对于人来说没有交换就能实现,就是说,在物和人的直接关系中就能实现;相反,物的价值则只能在交换中实现,就是说,只能在一种社会的过程中实现。在这里,我们不禁想起善良的道勃雷,他教导巡丁西可尔说 “一个人长得漂亮是环境造成的,会写字念书才是天生的本领”(36)。】
本文来自: 人大经济论坛 详细出处参考:
http://www.pinggu.org/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=592850&page=1&from^^uid=13834