Ji, Y., Chen, F., Cai, Y., & Zheng, Z.(2015). Do parents matter? Intergenerational ties and fertility preferences ina low-fertility context. Chinese Journal of Sociology, 1(4),485-514.

Introduction2

How doparents influence the fertility decisions of their children? Socialdemographers have approached this question from two different directions?

直接提出问题的方式，同时给出两个不同的理论解释路径，用词如 approach this question , from twodifferent directions 都是可以直接套用的句式。

One lineof inquiry mostly centers on developed countries and examines theintergenerational transmission of fertility behavior/preferences.

介绍其中一支解释的表达方式，one line of inquiry…. mostlycenters on …….and examine…

关注什么，检验什么，是一种将理论重点和研究问题表达清楚的方式。

Somescholars emphasize the role of parental values, norms and socialization inshaping their children’s family size preferences, while others highlightbiological predisposition and genetic factors.

介绍这个支的一些学者所强调的重点，用了some scholar emphasize….， while others highlight….注意emphasize 和highlight两种将理论或研究的重点表达的方式。

The otherline of research focuses on less-developed areas,  and can be traced back to writings by Lorimerand Davis. It has been argued that parental influence comes through livingarrangements; that is, living with parents is conducive to higher fertility,because the cost of children and childcare are borne by other members of thehousehold, rather than exclusively by the young couple.

另外一个流派的研究，the other line of research focuseson focuses on 与centers on 是对应的。

介绍这个流派学者的研究用了can be traced back to writings by….与some scholars emphasize 和focus on 相对应的。

详细介绍这个流派学者研究的起始句可以是it has been argued that…..

如果一句话很难表达清楚，就用两句话，简单的说明，然后用that is, …..

Be borneby …. , rather than exclusively ….. rather than , exclusively 都是比较地道的英文词汇。

Moreover,young couples are also more likely to be influenced by pronatalistic views oftheir co-resident parents. The proposition has been widely discussed and testedempirically, especially in countries experiencing simultaneous transition infertility and family structure.

进一步介绍这个流派的思想，使用moreover (我直觉上想用specifically， 显然不如moreover更为精准和地道)

上述观点在一些国家已经被广泛讨论和检验的地道表达方法， has been discussed and testedempirically, especially in countries…. 因为有好多研究是基于在美国和欧洲的研究基础上的，或者说是跨文化研究的，因此，这个表达很经常被使用在你的研究目的中。

Thearticle was inspired by these two research tradition in the classic fertilityliterature. We attempt to integrate the bodies of work on family size andfamily structure effects in a study of multidimensional influences of intergenerationalties on women’s fertility expectations.

一种朴素的表达方式，来介绍研究的起源 the article was inspired by tworesearch tradition

两种研究传统，research tradition 是一种和one line of inquiry , the otherline of research 对应的一种表达方式。

使用we attempt to …. 我们这种表达方式可能更容易表达出文章的意旨

It is setin a country that has recently completed its fertility transition: China

将文章的特殊性表达出来的一种方式，在中国发生的，为什么是特殊的，因为中国是recently complete its fertilitytransition. 一定要指出中国国家的特质性和代表性。

China’sfertility has been low for the last two decades, arguably a joint outcome offamily planning policies and dramatic economic development.

进一步描述中国特点， 这也是描述中国特殊性的好的表达方式，family planning policies one childpolicies , dramatic economic development, rapid economic development 是常用词汇。

Rapideconomic development can make children very expensive, and the strict familyplanning policy further suppresses fertility to an artificially low level.

Rapideconomic development 和 dramatic economic development 是一个意思两个表达方式，前后使用。

Underthese circumstances, it is in question whether parents can still play any rolein shaping the next generation’s fertility decisions.

提出研究问题，在这样的背景下，我们的问题是 it is in question whether…..

At thesame time, research evidence continues to point to the persistence of thehistorically strong parent-child relationship and filial norms throughout thelife courses of parents and children alike in china.

提出另外一些影响因素，research evidence continues topoint to …..

Filial norms孝敬的表达

Thus, it isreasonable to expect parents to have an indirect or direct bearing on their children’sfertility decision making processes.

进一步表达孝敬norm的影响

With the one-childpolicy to be phased out imminently, it is crucial to understand the linkage betweenintergenerational relationships and fertility expectations in today’s china.

One-child policy退出历史舞台，phased out imminently

It is crucialto understand…. 讲明了在这样的历史背景下，我们研究问题的重要性，要把研究问题用一句话概括出来。