Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 96(5), 1029.
Political campaigns spent vast sums appealing to the self-interests of voters, yet rational self-interest often shows a weak and unstable relationship to voting behavior.
展现一个不如人意的现实状况，yet 是一个地道表达转折的用法， shows a weak and unstable relationship to voting behavior
Voters are also influenced by a wide variety of social and emotional forces.
Be influenced by 是介绍自变量的方法， a variety of social…forces, 大量自变量，forces是factor的另外一种表达方法
Some of these forces are trivial or peripheral factors whose influence we lament, such as a candidate’s appearance.
影响比较小的，可以用trivial or peripheral factors 来标识， such as 可以放在句子后面。
In recent years increasing attention has been paid to the roles of another class of non-self-interested concerns: morality.
通常通过大量研究所指向的方向作为提出自己研究问题的方式，increasing attention has been paid to ….
等同于….has been hotly debated 等同于 a burgeoning line of research has centered on…
Voters who seem to vote against their material self-interest are sometimes said to be voting instead for their values, or for their vision of a good society.
Be voting instead for their values 中instead的用法，很地道。 Values用 their vision for a good society是一个很好的解释。
However, the idea of what makes for a good society is not universally shared. The “Culture War” that has been long marked American politics is a clash of visions about such fundamental moral issues as the authority of parents, the sanctity of life and marriage, and the proper response to social inequalities.
使用了culture war 来总结了这种纷争，是一种高度提升的总结，与作者对这一领域的literature
比较熟悉有关， ….that has been long marked … is a clash of visions about such fundamental moral issues as….. ，注意 such….as…用法，通过具体的例子让我们对moral issues有一个更为具体的认识
Ideological commitments are moral commitments; they are not necessarily strategies for self-enrichment.
这名作者写作有一个特点，擅长使用短句子，短句子并不影响文章的深度和复杂度，更浅显易懂。
In this article we examine moral foundations theory, which was originally developed to describe moral difference cross cultures.
这个范式是检验理论的范式，开明之言，我们的目的就是检验某个理论， which 用来解释这个理论的内容，或者最先是怎么发展起来的。
到目前为止，我们学会几种introduction介绍的范式：检验理论范式，社会现象为什么范式，流派之争范式，跨文化范式，与经典研究不同研究取向范式，后续会继续总结。
Building on previous theoretical work, we apply the theory to moral difference across the political spectrum within United states.
基于以前的研究，这是不可逃避的研究思路，学会这种表达方式，building on previous work, apply the theory to ….
We propose a simple hypothesis: Political liberals construct their moral systems primarily upon two psychological foundations-Harm/care and fairness/reciprocity- whereas political conservatives construct moral systems more evenly upon five psychological foundations-the same ones as liberals, plus ingroup/loyalty, authority/respect, and purity/sanctity.
We call this hypothesis the moral foundations hypothesis, and we present four studies that support it using four different methods.
注意使用这种范式的套路： building on previous….., we apply ….. we propose a hypothesis…. We call this hypothesis…. And we present four studies that support ….using four different methods.
只要你是有假设的研究，应该都可以使用这个范式来表达你的假设，以及开篇。