找到了这篇文章:The influence of corruption on environmental sustainability in the developing economies of Southern Africa. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04387
里面说:To summarise, the statistic values explained above the Granger causality process output reports the values obtained for W(W-bar), Z (Z-bar), and Ž(Z-bar tilde). Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) express that if N is large but T is small then Ž should be favoured. Therefore, in this paper, I test for Granger causality in the panel set by employing Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) xtgcause command in the Stata package using specifically the bootstrap procedure as it is also able to solve problems associated with cross-sectional dependence (Lopez and Weber, 2017).